Heart - Unit 2 Flashcards
3 membranes covering the heart
fibrous, parietal, and visceral paricardiums
the thick/outer pericardium layer that helps protect heart by suspending it in chest, and prevents overfilling of blood
fibrous
thin/slick pericardium underneath fibrous pericardium. it decreases friction between heart and fibrous
parietal
innermost pericardium and outerlayer of heart wall. thin/slick and contains fat. helps decrease friction.
visceral
pericardial fluid is
the small V of clear lubricant between parietal and visceral pericardiums
3 layers of heart wall
epi, myo, endo-
cardiums
outer layer of heart wall
epicardium
thick middle layer of heart walls. cardiac muscle tissue.
myocardium
deepest layer of heart walls. clear/slick membrane that decreases friction between blood and heart. lines the chambers and valves
endocardium
4 chambers of heart
left/right atrium and ventricle
interatrial septum
separates LA from RA
interventricular septum
separates LV from RV
tricuspid valve
allows blood flow from RA to RV
bicuspid valve
allows blood flow from LA to LV
cordlike tendons attached to underside of AV valves and binds to ventricular walls via papillary muscles. prevent valves from inverting
chordae tendinae
tiny blood vessels with leaky walls
capillaries
large blood vessels that carry blood away from heart
artery
large blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart
veins
arteries that branch of aorta and supply blood to myocardium
coronary
veins that drain blood from myocardium to coronary sinus
cardiac veins
2 circuts of blood
systemic and pulmonary
LV pumps blood through it. goes from oxy to deoxy
systemic circut
RV pumps blood through it. goes from deoxy to oxy
pulmonary circut
pulmonary arteries carry blood to
lungs
pulmonary cappilaries surround ____ in lungs to become oxygentated
alveoli
short striated branches cells with neighboring cells connected with gap junctions
cardiac muscle tissue
cardiac muscle tissue is ______ controlled and is stimulated by electricity
unconsciouslly
self-generated cells found in simatrial node
autorythmic cells
a tiny patch of RA
simatrial node
electricity flows through atrias to contract in unison then flows down __ ___ to apex then up the ventricles
interventricular septum
machine that measures electrical activity of the heart
electrocardiogram (EKG)
P wave in EKG graph
electricity is flowing through atria and atrial cells are depolarizing (atria contracts)
QRS complex in EKG graph
electricity flows through ventricle and ventricle cells are depolarizing and atria cells are repolarizing (ventricle contracts)
T wave in EKG graph
ventricle cells are repolarizing
A heart attack is seen on an EKG in the ___ wave
T
diastole
period of relaxation
systole
period of contraction
cardiac cycle consists of
atrial/ventricular systole and diastole
atrial systole
when atria is contracting (P to Q wave)
atrial diastole
when atria is relaxing (Q to P wave)
Ventricle systole
when ventricles are contracting (Q to T wave)
Ventricle diastole
when ventricles are relaxing (T to Q wave)
Heart beat sound is from the
AV and SL valve closing
cardiac output
v of blood pumped out of ventricle per minute
heart rate
number of times heart beats per minute
condition of high heart bpm at rest
tachycardia
condition of low heart bpm at rest
bradycardia
stroke volume
volume of blood pumped out of ventricle per beat
cardiac output is calculated by
heart rate times stroke volume
3 factors that influence heart rate
parasymp NS, symp NS, hormones
3 factors that influence stroke volume
effect of NE/Epi on myocardium, preload, and afterload
preload
amount of blood filling ventricles between heartbeats
preload can change from (3 things)
blood volume (increases both), skeletal muscle contractions (causes more blood to heart), gravity (opposite effects on SV and preload)
afterload
blood pressure that LV/RV must overcome to pump blood out (aka pressure in pulm trunk/aorta)
cardiac arrest
heart stops beating from lack of fresh blood supply
myocardium infraction
heart attack from lack of blood flow in arteries
cognitive heart failure
heart cant pump blood effectively
