Cardiovascular System - Unit 3 Flashcards
lumen
cavity/space within the vessel
tunic
vessel wall
3 types of tunic
tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa
type of tunic. inner lining of vessel wall. slick, shiny thin membrane. decreases friction between blood and wall
tunica interna
type of tunic. thick mid-layer. sm mus that provides strength. vasoconstriction+vasodilation. arteries have elastic CT
tunica media
type of tunic. areolar CT which binds to tissues. outer-layer.
tunica externa
decrease blood flow from a decrease lumen diameter
vasoconstriction
increase blood flow from increase lumen diameter
vasodilation
large vessels that carry blood away from heart
arteries
microscopic arteries
arteriol
smallest vessel that have tunica internal
capilaries
3 types of capillaries
continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids
continuous capillaries
most common and least premeable
fenestrated capillary
in glands+kidney, more leaky/premeable. endothelial cells have pores called fenestrations.
sinusoids (capillaries)
in liver, spleen, and bone marrow. leaky/premeable. endothelial cells have large fenestrations and large gaps between cells. cells cross walls. LEAST COMMON.
interconnected web-like netweork of capillaries within a tissue. atrerioles carry blood here then venules drain blood out.
capillary bed.
large blood vessels that cary blood to heart. thin walls (Tunica media), BP is slowest. contain valves orientated to maintain blood flow to heart
veins
varicose veins
vein with dysfunctional valve which causes blood backflow and pooling. common in lower limbs.
venules
microscopic veins.
anastomoses
vessels that interconnect others to help reroute blood. can be arteries, veins, arterioles, and venules.
vasa vasorum
blood vessels in walls of larger vessels
BP Gradient
BP differential bw 2 ends of a vessel/circut in body (drive blood flow) (blood flows high to low)
Vascular Resistance
friction between blood and vessel wall. slows bld flow)
blood flow = (equation)
(BP Gradient) / (Vascular resistance)
Vascular Resistance
friction between blood and vessel wall. slows bld flow)
factors affecting vascular resistance: (3)
vessel diameter, vessel length, blood viscocity
BP in systemic arteries during ventricular systole (contracting)
systolic BP
BP in systemic arteries during ventricular diastole (relaxed)
diastolic BP
sphygmomanometer
BP Cuff
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) =
average BP in systemic arteries (1/3 sys + 2/3 dias)
Reflex control of BP
BP receptors are in walls of carotid arteries and aorta
Pulse Pressure =
Systolic - Diastolic
