endocrine - unit 1

Question 1

endocrine system organs

Answer 1

exocrine and endocrine glands

Question 2

a hormone is a

Answer 2

signaling molecule released into extracellular fluids

Question 3

4 types of hormones

Answer 3

circulating, local, water soluble, lipid soluble

Question 4

circulating hormones

Answer 4

travel through blood + act on cells throughout body

Question 5

local hormones

Answer 5

act on neighboring cells, travel within tissue fluid

Question 6

water soluble hormones

Answer 6

dissolve in h20 and have receptors located on PM of target cell

Question 7

lipid soluble hormones

Answer 7

dissolve in fats/lipids and have receptors located within nuclei of target cells

Question 8

3 forms of hormone interactions

Answer 8

antagonist effect, synergist effect, and permissive effect

Question 9

“cancellation effect” where the action of one hormone counteracts the other.

Answer 9

antagonist effect

Question 10

effect where 2 hormones together amplify an effect

Answer 10

synergist effect

Question 11

effect where action of one hormone is required for another’s

Answer 11

permissive effect

Question 12

hormone secreted by anterior pituitary, water soluble, stimulates tissue growth/repair

Answer 12

HGH

Question 13

Dwarfism is and the two types

Answer 13

condition with low HGH signaling, Achondroplasia/pituitary dwarfism

Question 14

achondroplasia

Answer 14

cartilage cells dont respond well to HGH which leads to stunted long bone growth

Question 15

pituitary dwarfism

Answer 15

pituitary secretes low HGH (treatable)

Question 16

gigantism is

Answer 16

condition with high HGH signaling, usually from tumor. (treatable)

Question 17

hormone thats water soluble, secreted by posterior pituitary, stimulates urine and mammory contraction

Answer 17

oxytocin

Question 18

hormone secreted by ant. pituitary after child birth, stimulates mammory gland milk production

Answer 18

prolactin

Question 19

water soluble hormone secreted by post. pituitary when dehydrated. acts on kidneys to decrease urine production

Answer 19

ADH

Question 20

lipid soluble protein (hormone) secreted by thyroid gland that increases metabolic rate and stimulates adrenergic receptors

Answer 20

TH

Question 21

two forms of TH

Answer 21

triiodothyromine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)

Question 22

hypothyroidism is

Answer 22

condition of a lack of TH caused by immune system attacking+destroying thyroid (or lack of iodine in body)

Question 23

hyperthyroidism

Answer 23

condition of an excess of Th caused by a tumor on thyroid

Question 24

water soluable hormone that is secreted by parathyroid if there is low blood calcium. it stimulates bone resorption and kidneys to excrete phosphate

Answer 24

PTH

Question 25

water soluble hormone secreted by thyroid if there is a high blood calcium. stimulates blood deposition

Answer 25

calcitonin

Question 26

lipid soluble hormone secreted by adrenals during stress to inhibit immune system and stimulate glucose production for fuel

Answer 26

cortisol

Question 27

water soluble protein secreted by pancreas from low blood glucose. acts on liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown

Answer 27

glucagon

Question 28

water soluble protein secreted by pancreas from high blood glucose. stimulates prtn synthesis and cells to place glucose channels in their PM.

Answer 28

insulin

Question 29

Diabetes is and the two kinds

Answer 29

condition form a lack of insulin signaling. Type 1 and type 2.

Question 30

condition where pancreas doesnt secrete enough insulin. usually an autoimmune disease

Answer 30

type 1 diabetes

Question 31

condition where body cells dont respond well to insulin secreted by pancreas.

Answer 31

type 2 diabetes