endocrine - unit 1 Flashcards
endocrine system organs
exocrine and endocrine glands
a hormone is a
signaling molecule released into extracellular fluids
4 types of hormones
circulating, local, water soluble, lipid soluble
circulating hormones
travel through blood + act on cells throughout body
local hormones
act on neighboring cells, travel within tissue fluid
water soluble hormones
dissolve in h20 and have receptors located on PM of target cell
lipid soluble hormones
dissolve in fats/lipids and have receptors located within nuclei of target cells
3 forms of hormone interactions
antagonist effect, synergist effect, and permissive effect
“cancellation effect” where the action of one hormone counteracts the other.
antagonist effect
effect where 2 hormones together amplify an effect
synergist effect
effect where action of one hormone is required for another’s
permissive effect
hormone secreted by anterior pituitary, water soluble, stimulates tissue growth/repair
HGH
Dwarfism is and the two types
condition with low HGH signaling, Achondroplasia/pituitary dwarfism
achondroplasia
cartilage cells dont respond well to HGH which leads to stunted long bone growth
pituitary dwarfism
pituitary secretes low HGH (treatable)
gigantism is
condition with high HGH signaling, usually from tumor. (treatable)
hormone thats water soluble, secreted by posterior pituitary, stimulates urine and mammory contraction
oxytocin
hormone secreted by ant. pituitary after child birth, stimulates mammory gland milk production
prolactin
water soluble hormone secreted by post. pituitary when dehydrated. acts on kidneys to decrease urine production
ADH
lipid soluble protein (hormone) secreted by thyroid gland that increases metabolic rate and stimulates adrenergic receptors
TH
two forms of TH
triiodothyromine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)
hypothyroidism is
condition of a lack of TH caused by immune system attacking+destroying thyroid (or lack of iodine in body)
hyperthyroidism
condition of an excess of Th caused by a tumor on thyroid
water soluable hormone that is secreted by parathyroid if there is low blood calcium. it stimulates bone resorption and kidneys to excrete phosphate
PTH
water soluble hormone secreted by thyroid if there is a high blood calcium. stimulates blood deposition
calcitonin
lipid soluble hormone secreted by adrenals during stress to inhibit immune system and stimulate glucose production for fuel
cortisol
water soluble protein secreted by pancreas from low blood glucose. acts on liver to stimulate glycogen breakdown
glucagon
water soluble protein secreted by pancreas from high blood glucose. stimulates prtn synthesis and cells to place glucose channels in their PM.
insulin
Diabetes is and the two kinds
condition form a lack of insulin signaling. Type 1 and type 2.
condition where pancreas doesnt secrete enough insulin. usually an autoimmune disease
type 1 diabetes
condition where body cells dont respond well to insulin secreted by pancreas.
type 2 diabetes
