Heart Tissue Flashcards

Week 5

1
Q

Structures of the heart

A
  • pericardium
  • cardiac muscle
  • fibrous ring
  • coronary vessels
  • valves
  • neural tissue:
    • SA node
    • AV node
    • Purkinje fibers
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2
Q

Layers of the heart

A

endocardium -> myocardium -> epicardium -> visceral layer of serous pericardium -> pericardial cavity -> parietal layer of serous pericardium -> fibrous pericardium -> adipose tissue

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3
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium covering dense regular connective tissue

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4
Q

Serous/visceral pericardium

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium covering:
    • Loose connective tissue
    • Secretes pericardial fluid
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5
Q

Pericarditis

A
  • Inflammation of the pericardium
    Cause:
  • viral infection (typically)
  • bacterial infection like tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, following a heart attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chest trauma
    Symptoms:
  • sharp/stabbing chest pain (quickly) in the middle/left side of chest
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6
Q

Fibrinous Pericarditis

A
  • Visceral pericardium infiltrated by the fibrinous exudate: fibrin strands and leukocytes
  • Vascular congestion is also present
  • myocardium has no changes
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7
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

L:
- Only found in the heart, very end of vena cava, pulmonary veins
V:
- Rounded central nuclei
- Associated mitochondria, glycogen granules
- Intercalated discs:
- adherens juctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
- similar to skeletal muscle
- slight delay between excitation of muscle and contraction

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8
Q

Fibrous Rings of the Heart

A

Function:
- Skeleton of the heart
- attachment point for cardiac muscle and the fibrous AV? valves and semilunar valves
Components:
- primarily a fibrous dense irregular CT covered by muscle, CT, and epithelium
- serous pericardium (out); endocardium (in)

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9
Q

Atrioventricular septum

A
  • Chambers and valves lined by endocardium
  • Dense fibrous irregular CT extends from septum into fibrous region of the valves
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10
Q

Coronary circulation

A

Video

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11
Q

Myocardial infarct

A
  • block in artery starving muscles of O2
  • symptoms: referred pain, heart attacks
    New:
  • leads to cell death,
    inflammation
    Granulation phase:
  • 1-3 weeks
  • granules
    Old phase:
  • 3-6 weeks
  • granulation phase then scar tissue
  • loss of function
  • need bypass or stint
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12
Q

Myocardial infarct (necrosis phase)

A

cardiomyocyte cell death
<1 day

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13
Q

Myocardial infarct (neutrophilic infiltrate)

A

infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages - clear cellular debris

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14
Q

Myocardial granulation

A

1-3 weeks
organizing granulation tissue
begin to see scar tissue

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15
Q

Myocardial infarct (scar)

A

weeks to months
- irregular areas of virtually acellular, dense connective tissue (scar tissue)

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16
Q

Valve Structure

A
  • Fibrosa: core of the valve - dense irregular connective tissue
  • Spongiosa Loose connective tissue located on the atrial or blood vessel side
  • Ventricularis: adjacent to ventricles
  • dense connective tissue
  • layers of elastic fibers
17
Q

Chordae tendinae histology

A
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
  • covered by endothelium
18
Q

Bacterial Endocarditis

A
  • Valve disease
  • infection of heart valve
  • Trama, cancer, and heart attacks are common causes
19
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A
  • Thick mitral valves and chordae tendinae
  • ventricular hypertrophy
19
Q

Mitral valve regurgitation

A

?

20
Q

Electrical conduction

A
  • Sinoatrial node (SA node): right atrial wall near opening of superior vena cava
    • pacemaker of the heart
  • Atrioventricular node (AV node): base of right atrium near septum
  • Bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)
    • AV node to interventricular septum
    • right and left bundles TO down septum TO curve around tip of ventricles TO back toward atria along outer walls
  • Purkinje fibers:
    • terminal fibers that extend from bundle of His and spread throughout ventricular myocardium
21
Q

SA node

A

Unable to find under microscopes