Heart, Pulmo

Question 1

site of highest oxygenation

Answer 1

Pulmonary Vein

Question 2

Only arteries that contain deoxygenated blood

Answer 2

pulmonary artery
umbilical artery.

Question 3

Most important determinant of
Pulse Pressure

Answer 3

SV

Question 4

Distensibility of blood vessel

Answer 4

Capacitance/Compliance

C= V/P
capacitance of veins > arteries
capacitance decreases with age

Question 5

systemic disease that can cause 3rd degree AV block

Answer 5

Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
SLE

Question 6

one drug that causes Torsades de pointes

Answer 6

Macrolides

prominent U wave – suscep to Torsades

Question 7

inotrope affect

Answer 7

Ventricular contraction - SV

Question 8

Chronotrophe affects

Answer 8

SA node - HR
affected by inward Calcium

Question 9

Dromotrophe affects

Answer 9

AV node - conduction velocity
slowest conduction velocity

Question 10

predisposes athlete to premature ventricular contraction

Answer 10

bradycardia

Question 11

3 factors increase SV

Answer 11

Digitalis
Beta 1 stimulation
increase HR

Question 12

main energy for stroke work

Answer 12

fatty acids

Question 13

longest phase of cardiac cycle

Answer 13

Reduced ventricular filling
dependent on HR

Question 14

3 instances when atrial pressure increases

Answer 14

a wave
c wave
v wave

Question 15

auscultatory hallmark of ASD

Answer 15

Fixed splitting

Question 16

vasoactive metabolites of the Coronary circulation

Answer 16

Hypoxia, Adenosine
mechanical compensation during systole

Question 17

vasoactive metabolites of the Cerebral circulation

Answer 17

CO2 H+
Increases in intracranial pressure decrease cerebral
blood flow

Question 18

FUNCTIONAL ANATOMIC UNIT OF THE LUNG

Answer 18

Bronchopulmonary Segments
(segmental bronchi to alveoli)

Question 19

RESPIRATORYUNIT OF THE LUNG

Answer 19

Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts,
alveolar sacs
capable of gas exchange

Question 20

Air in the respiratory unit of the lung
(respiratory zone) that does NOT
undergo gas exchange due to V/Q
mismatch

Answer 20

Alveolar dead space

NV: 0 ml

Question 21

Air from the Nose to Terminal
Bronchioles (conducting zone) that does
NOT undergo gas exchange

Answer 21

Anatomic dead space

NV: 150ml

Question 22

volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (TV) is expired

Answer 22

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Question 23

volume in the lungs after maximal expiration

Answer 23

Residual volume

Question 24

drugs that can cause ILD/RLD

Answer 24

Busulfan
Amiodarone
MTX

Question 25

main component of the surfactant

Answer 25

water

Question 26

active component of the surfactant

Answer 26

DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
(DPPC)

amphiphathic nature - hydrophilic and hydrophobic

Question 27

start of the surfactant

Answer 27

24 wks

mature: 35 wks

Question 28

test for surfactant

Answer 28

AMNIOTIC LECITHIN:SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO

ratio of >/2:1 = MATURE FETAL LUNGS

Question 29

major site of highest airway resistance

Answer 29

medium-sized bronchi

Question 30

Ratio of the thickness of the mucus
gland layer to the wall thickness

Answer 30

Reid Index

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 31

Charcot-Leyden crystals is Derived from eosinophil-derived

Answer 31

galectin 10

Question 32

Most prevalent chronic occupational disease

Answer 32

SILICOSIS

egg cell calcifications
form of silica/quartz
increased risk of lung cancer