Heart, Pulmo Flashcards
site of highest oxygenation
Pulmonary Vein
Only arteries that contain deoxygenated blood
pulmonary artery
umbilical artery.
Most important determinant of
Pulse Pressure
SV
Distensibility of blood vessel
Capacitance/Compliance
C= V/P
capacitance of veins > arteries
capacitance decreases with age
systemic disease that can cause 3rd degree AV block
Amyloidosis
Sarcoidosis
SLE
one drug that causes Torsades de pointes
Macrolides
prominent U wave – suscep to Torsades
inotrope affect
Ventricular contraction - SV
Chronotrophe affects
SA node - HR
affected by inward Calcium
Dromotrophe affects
AV node - conduction velocity
slowest conduction velocity
predisposes athlete to premature ventricular contraction
bradycardia
3 factors increase SV
Digitalis
Beta 1 stimulation
increase HR
main energy for stroke work
fatty acids
longest phase of cardiac cycle
Reduced ventricular filling
dependent on HR
3 instances when atrial pressure increases
a wave
c wave
v wave
auscultatory hallmark of ASD
Fixed splitting
vasoactive metabolites of the Coronary circulation
Hypoxia, Adenosine
mechanical compensation during systole
vasoactive metabolites of the Cerebral circulation
CO2 H+
Increases in intracranial pressure decrease cerebral
blood flow
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMIC UNIT OF THE LUNG
Bronchopulmonary Segments
(segmental bronchi to alveoli)
RESPIRATORYUNIT OF THE LUNG
Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts,
alveolar sacs
capable of gas exchange
Air in the respiratory unit of the lung
(respiratory zone) that does NOT
undergo gas exchange due to V/Q
mismatch
Alveolar dead space
NV: 0 ml
Air from the Nose to Terminal
Bronchioles (conducting zone) that does
NOT undergo gas exchange
Anatomic dead space
NV: 150ml
volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (TV) is expired
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
volume in the lungs after maximal expiration
Residual volume
drugs that can cause ILD/RLD
Busulfan
Amiodarone
MTX
main component of the surfactant
water
active component of the surfactant
DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE
(DPPC)
amphiphathic nature - hydrophilic and hydrophobic
start of the surfactant
24 wks
mature: 35 wks
test for surfactant
AMNIOTIC LECITHIN:SPHINGOMYELIN RATIO
ratio of >/2:1 = MATURE FETAL LUNGS
major site of highest airway resistance
medium-sized bronchi
Ratio of the thickness of the mucus
gland layer to the wall thickness
Reid Index
Chronic Bronchitis
Charcot-Leyden crystals is Derived from eosinophil-derived
galectin 10
Most prevalent chronic occupational disease
SILICOSIS
egg cell calcifications
form of silica/quartz
increased risk of lung cancer
