Cells Flashcards
major hallmark of cancers
loss of cell to cell adhesion and anchorage independent growth
inner leaflet of phospholipid
Phosphatidylethanolamine,
Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylinositol
Outer: Phosphatidylcholine, Sphingomyelin,
Factors that determine permeability of the cell membrane
Temperature
Types of solutes present
Level of cell hydration
Barrier to movement of proteins
across membranes
Zona occludens
Leaky: PCT, Jejunum
Tight: CD, terminal Colon, BBB
GLUT1
BBB, RBC, Cornera, Placenta
GLUT2
Liver, Pancreas (β islet cells), Basement Membrane
of Small Intestine, Kidney
GLUT3
Neurons, Placenta
GLUT4
Muscles, Adipose (only insulin-dependent glucose transporter)
GLUT5
fructose
Spermatocyte
Source of energy in Primary active transport
ATP Hydrolysis
Source of energy in Secondary active transport
downhill transport of Na
It inhibits the Na+K+ATPase Pump
Digoxin
It inhibis the Na+K+ATPase Pump
Digoxin
osmolarity =
concentration x # of dissociable particles
RC with No solute penetration
1 RC – effective osmole and attracts water to where it is concentrated
RC = amt returned/sent
Albumin
RC with COMPLETE solute penetration
Zero RC
Urea
this refer to intracellular charge
Resting membrane potential
normal nerve RMP: -70mV
Macroglia that forms myelin in the
CNS and PNS respectively
Oligodendrocytes
Schwann cells
Helps in regeneration and
remyelination in the PNS
Schwann cells
Astrocyte in the white matter
Fibrous astrocytes
in the gray matter: protoplasmic astrocyte
autoimmune disease directed against the components of the myelin sheath
Multiple Sclerosis
HLA-DR2
Distinct episodes of neurologic
deficits that are separated in time, patchy white matter lesions that are separate in space
paraperesis, optic neuritis
Action Potential generated where
Axon Hillock/initial segment
ACh is created by
Choline Acetyltransferase
trigger: REM sleep
dec in Alzheimer’s dementia and huntington
NE found at
locus coeruleus of pons
1/2 life: 2mins
inhibitory NT
vasodilator
Nitric oxide
permanent gas
spinal cord main inhibitory NT
glycine
increases Cl influx
brain inhibitory NT
GABA
NT involved in Slow pain
Substance P
fast pain: Glutamate
Tryptophan derivattives
Melatonin
Serotonin
Niacin
strongest muscle by weight
masseter in the jaw
Contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle
Sarcomere
attaches troponin complex to tropomyosin
Troponin T
troponin I - inhibits actin-myosin binding
Troponin C - calcium binding protein
responsible for relaxation of contracted smooth muscles and
formation of latch bridges
Dephosphorylation of actomyosin
