heart pt.3

Question 1

AV valves open, filling ventricles with blood.
Chordae tendineae are loose.
Blood pressure from pulmonary and systemic circuits keep semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves closed.

Answer 1

ventricular diastole

Question 2

Pressure from contracting ventricles close tricuspid and bicuspid (AV) valves close. Semilunar valves open. Papillary muscles tighten chordae tendineae to prevent cusps inverting into atria. Ventricular pressure overcomes pressure in pulmonary trunk and aorta.

Answer 2

ventricular systole

Question 3

disease resulting in backflow of tricuspid and mitral valves

Answer 3

heart regurgitation

Question 4

Flexible connective tissue frame. Interconnected bands of dense connective tissue.
Encircle heart valves, stabilizing their position. Surrounds base of aorta and pulmonary trunk.
Electrically isolates atrial from ventricular myocardium

Answer 4

Cardiac skeleton (fibrous skeleton)

Question 5

Each have three half-moon shaped cusps. Prevents backflow of blood from aorta and pulmonary trunk back into ventricles. No muscular brace needed—cusps support each other when closed.

Answer 5

Semilunar valves

Question 6

Valve function deteriorates until heart cannot maintain adequate blood flow. Caused by congenital malformations or heart inflammation (carditis)
Severe cases may require replacement with prosthetic

Answer 6

Valvular heart disease (VHD)

Question 7

Thickening/toughening of arterial walls. Related complications account for about half of U.S. deaths.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) of coronary vessels. Can lead to strokes when in brain.

Answer 7

arteriosclerosis

Question 8

Most common form of arteriosclerosis is often associated with elevated _____ in blood. Forms plaque in vessels, restricting blood flow

Answer 8

cholesterol

Question 9

Risk factors include: elderly age, male gender, high blood cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, cigarette smoking

Answer 9

arteriosclerosis

Question 10

heart problems caused by narrowed heart (coronary) arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.

Answer 10

coronary ischemia

Question 11

Can detect CAD. Fluoroscopic technique used extensively in interventional radiology for visualizing blood vessels

Answer 11

digital subtraction angiography (DSA)