heart pt.1

Question 1

avg heart bpm (resting)

Answer 1

70

Question 2

avg heart weight

Answer 2

9-12oz (males larger)

Question 3

location of heart is right behind ____. the base (connected to major vessels) sits around __ costal cartilage and apex is around __ intercostal space.

Answer 3

sternum, 3rd, 5th

Question 4

superior border of heart

Answer 4

base

Question 5

right border of heart

Answer 5

r. atrium

Question 6

inferior border of heart

Answer 6

r. ventricle

Question 7

left border of <3

Answer 7

l. ventricle and part of l. atrium

Question 8

sac-like structure wrapped around heart

Answer 8

pericardium

Question 9

Outermost layer of pericardium; dense fibrous tissue that extends to sternum and diaphragm

Answer 9

fibrous pericardium

Question 10

2 layers make up _____ pericardium. Outer _____ layer lines fibrous pericardium; inner serous (aka _____) layer covers surface of the heart

Answer 10

serous, parietal, visceral

Question 11

Space between serous layers; contains 15–50 milliliters of _____ fluid secreted from serous membranes; lubricates movement of heart

Answer 11

pericardial cavity, pericardial

Question 12

inflammation of the pericardium

Answer 12

pericarditis

Question 13

excess accumulation of pericardial fluid

Answer 13

cardiac tamponade

Question 14

visceral layer of serous pericardium is also know as

Answer 14

epicardium

Question 15

middle layer of heart. where muscles, supporting blood vessels, and nerves are

Answer 15

myocardium

Question 16

innermost layer of heart. simple squamous epithelium. changes to _____ when it reaches vessels, but both run continuously.

Answer 16

endocardium, endothelium

Question 17

Atrial musculature wraps around atria in a ______ pattern

Answer 17

figure-8

Question 18

in ventricular musculature, ______ layers surround both ventricles and _____ layers spiral around and between the ventricles

Answer 18

superficial, deeper

Question 19

Specialized intercellular connections in cardiac muscles. Allows coordinated and simultaneous contractions.

Answer 19

intercalated discs

Question 20

Relies heavily on aerobic metabolism for energy (large numbers of mitochondria).
Abundant reserves of myoglobin and capillaries to supply oxygen.

Answer 20

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 21

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by ___ ______ and desmosomes

Answer 21

gap junctions

Question 22

allow ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+) and small molecules to move from one cell to another.

Answer 22

gap junctions

Question 23

travel across intercalated discs, GJs allowing rapid propagation

Answer 23

action potential

Question 24

The connections of smooth muscle in the heart essentially act as one large muscle cell

Answer 24

functional syncytium

Question 25

circuits of the heart (2)

Answer 25

pulmonary and systemic