blood pt.2 Flashcards
formed elements of blood (3)
erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes
Tests for percentage of RBCs in whole blood. aka packed cell volume
Hematocrit
high hematocrit is due to ____ while low hematocrit is due to ____.
dehydration, disease
Average findings for RBC’s in a ______ test:
Males 40-54% (more androgen)
Females 37-47% (less androgen)
hematocrit
Main O2 transporters. Biconcave shape. Flexible and can stack through capillaries.
red blood cells / erythrocytes
mitochondria use O2 to make ATP. ____ lack mitochondria therefore they use anaerobic metabolism.
RBCs
RBCs can’t protein synthesize or divide because they lack
nucleus and DNA
lifespan of RBC
100-120 days
RBC are about __ micrometers (microns) big
7
97% of red blood cell volume. 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha and 2 beta)
hemoglobin
Each polypeptide chain contains heme pigment, giving a red color. Each heme has central ____ that binds to one __ molecule.
iron, O2
when O2 is bound, bright red
oxyhemoglobin
oxygen released, dark red
deoxyhemoglobin
Approximately _% of circulating RBCS are replaced each day (3 million a second)
1
End of RBCs life; plasma membrane rupture/breakdown
hemolysis
RBC is engulfed by macrophages in
spleen, liver, or bone marrow
formation of RBC
Erythropoiesis
Cells destined to become RBCs first differentiate into _______. These are pluripotent cells
proerythroblasts
Proerythroblasts differentiate into various stages of cells called ______, which actively synthesize hemoglobin.
erythroblasts
After roughly four days of differentiation, the erythroblast, now called a ______, sheds its nucleus and becomes a ______.
normoblast, reticulocyte
After two days in the bone marrow, reticulocytes enter the bloodstream. After __
hours in circulation, the reticulocytes complete their maturation and become
indistinguishable from other mature ____
24, RBCs
Short life span (120 days). Plasma membrane ruptures (hemolysis). Macrophages engulf in liver or spleen.
RBCs
when RBC is destroyed, ___ is removed from heme to be recycled. Binds to _____ proteins to be stored
iron, transferrin
after iron is taken from heme, the remainder is converted to ______ (green) which is eventually turned to _____ (yellow) dispersed in blood stream
biliverdin, bilirubin
from the bloodstream, bilirubin goes to ____ (bile to digest) or ____(urinated)
liver, kidneys
After being broken down by macrophages in bloodstream, bilirubin binds to the protein _____ in plasma. ____ transports bilirubin to liver or kidneys
albumin
bilirubin is excreted as ____ in the liver. ____ is released into intestines and defecated.
bile
Bacteria in large intestine convert bilirubin to ______ and _______. They give feces the yellow-brown or brown color
urobilin, stercobilin
Bilirubin if not processed will travel into peripheral tissues causing _______ (yellow coloring to skin and eyes)
jaundice
_____ excrete some hemoglobin/bilirubin in form of _____. Gives urine yellow color.
Kidneys, urobilin
