blood pt.2

Question 1

formed elements of blood (3)

Answer 1

erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes

Question 2

Tests for percentage of RBCs in whole blood. aka packed cell volume

Answer 2

Hematocrit

Question 3

high hematocrit is due to ____ while low hematocrit is due to ____.

Answer 3

dehydration, disease

Question 4

Average findings for RBC’s in a ______ test:
Males 40-54% (more androgen)
Females 37-47% (less androgen)

Answer 4

hematocrit

Question 5

Main O2 transporters. Biconcave shape. Flexible and can stack through capillaries.

Answer 5

red blood cells / erythrocytes

Question 6

mitochondria use O2 to make ATP. ____ lack mitochondria therefore they use anaerobic metabolism.

Answer 6

RBCs

Question 7

RBCs can’t protein synthesize or divide because they lack

Answer 7

nucleus and DNA

Question 8

lifespan of RBC

Answer 8

100-120 days

Question 9

RBC are about __ micrometers (microns) big

Answer 9

7

Question 10

97% of red blood cell volume. 4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha and 2 beta)

Answer 10

hemoglobin

Question 11

Each polypeptide chain contains heme pigment, giving a red color. Each heme has central ____ that binds to one __ molecule.

Answer 11

iron, O2

Question 12

when O2 is bound, bright red

Answer 12

oxyhemoglobin

Question 13

oxygen released, dark red

Answer 13

deoxyhemoglobin

Question 14

Approximately _% of circulating RBCS are replaced each day (3 million a second)

Answer 14

1

Question 15

End of RBCs life; plasma membrane rupture/breakdown

Answer 15

hemolysis

Question 16

RBC is engulfed by macrophages in

Answer 16

spleen, liver, or bone marrow

Question 17

formation of RBC

Answer 17

Erythropoiesis

Question 18

Cells destined to become RBCs first differentiate into _______. These are pluripotent cells

Answer 18

proerythroblasts

Question 19

Proerythroblasts differentiate into various stages of cells called ______, which actively synthesize hemoglobin.

Answer 19

erythroblasts

Question 20

After roughly four days of differentiation, the erythroblast, now called a ______, sheds its nucleus and becomes a ______.

Answer 20

normoblast, reticulocyte

Question 21

After two days in the bone marrow, reticulocytes enter the bloodstream. After __
hours in circulation, the reticulocytes complete their maturation and become
indistinguishable from other mature ____

Answer 21

24, RBCs

Question 22

Short life span (120 days). Plasma membrane ruptures (hemolysis). Macrophages engulf in liver or spleen.

Answer 22

RBCs

Question 23

when RBC is destroyed, ___ is removed from heme to be recycled. Binds to _____ proteins to be stored

Answer 23

iron, transferrin

Question 24

after iron is taken from heme, the remainder is converted to ______ (green) which is eventually turned to _____ (yellow) dispersed in blood stream

Answer 24

biliverdin, bilirubin

Question 25

from the bloodstream, bilirubin goes to ____ (bile to digest) or ____(urinated)

Answer 25

liver, kidneys

Question 26

After being broken down by macrophages in bloodstream, bilirubin binds to the protein _____ in plasma. ____ transports bilirubin to liver or kidneys

Answer 26

albumin

Question 27

bilirubin is excreted as ____ in the liver. ____ is released into intestines and defecated.

Answer 27

bile

Question 28

Bacteria in large intestine convert bilirubin to ______ and _______. They give feces the yellow-brown or brown color

Answer 28

urobilin, stercobilin

Question 29

Bilirubin if not processed will travel into peripheral tissues causing _______ (yellow coloring to skin and eyes)

Answer 29

jaundice

Question 30

_____ excrete some hemoglobin/bilirubin in form of _____. Gives urine yellow color.

Answer 30

Kidneys, urobilin