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Clinical Prep > Heart murmurs > Flashcards

Heart murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Machinery like murmur

A

Patent ductus arteriosus, PDA

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2
Q

Early diastolic with High pitched quality,

Louder when pt is sitting and leaning forward (at the Base of the heart)

A

Aortic regurg

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3
Q

Base of heart, what murmurs would be heard?

A

Aortic

Pulmonic

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4
Q

Tx for Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

ACE-I and B blocker

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5
Q

Person w hx of Cocaine use, coming in with Dilated Cardiomyopathy

found unconscious

A

50% of DCM recover spontaneously, and someone w hx of cocaine use should NOT be given B-blocker

wean off oxygen

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6
Q

4 main types of shock

A

Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Distributive
Obstructive

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7
Q

Ventricular Septal Defect

-blood flowing between ventricles thru the septum

A

Normal life expec

but inc risk of bacterial endocarditis

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8
Q

Unique trait a/w VSD- ventricular septal defect

A

The smaller the defect, the LOUDER the murmur (bc the greater the gradient from L to R ventricle)

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9
Q

What do you use to Close PDA-patent ductus arteriosus

A

Indomethacin

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10
Q

ASD- atrial septal defect

A

Definitive tx: Close defect surgically

Large shunt or Heart failure: diuretic, digoxin, ACE-I before surgery

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11
Q

HCTZ (thiazide diuretic) to tx HTN is a/w

A

Hypokalemia
(low K)
muscle weakness, cramping, heart arrhythmia, kidney abn, glucose int

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12
Q

IVDU Endocarditis

A

Tricuspid valve

Tx w Vancomycin

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13
Q

after trauma, SOB and Muffled heart sounds

A

think Pericardial Tamponade

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14
Q

Aortic regurg

A

Wide pulse pressure
Tachycardia

High pitched murmur, loudest at Left sternal border

Loude`r when leaning forward

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15
Q

Which type of Cardiomyopathy is a/w Radiation

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, RCM

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16
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy is referred to as

A

Radiation Cardiomyopathy

more common in pts w hx of Breast or Lung CA that have underwent Radiation to thoracic area

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17
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyop has signs of which side Heart failure

A

Right sided Heart Failure

peripheral edema
ascites

18
Q

Harsh, pansystolic murmur in an A-sx baby

A

VSD- ventricular septal defect

19
Q

Given at therapeutic doses, _______ can reduce Cholesterol levels

A

Nicotinic acid

20
Q

Which artery does the Ophthalmic artery branch off of?

A

Internal carotid

21
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

transient Monocular vision loss d/t Retinal clot or Reduction of blood flow from Retinal, Ophthalmic, or Ciliary artery

22
Q

Monocular vision loss lasting a few min w Complete recovery

A

Amaurosis fugax

problem w Ophthalmic artery which branches off of Internal carotid

23
Q

What can cause Mitral Regurg

A

Ichemia following a Myocardial Infarction

24
Q

About 25% of pts that get surgery for Coarcation of the Aorta then have

A

HTN

d/t changes in the RAAS system

25
Q

Post surgery for Coarctation of the Aorta

A

HTN

Disproportionate systolic HTN w exercise

26
Q

What risks do ppl who have had surgery to repair Coarctation of the Aorta now have?

A

Re-coarctation
Aortic aneurysm
LVH

27
Q

What monitoring do those with surgical repair of Coarcation of Aorta need?

A

BP monitor!

if high, treat aggressively

28
Q

What is Coarctation of Aorta

A

Narrowing of the Aorta

29
Q

Sx of Coarc of Aorta

A

Often no sx until adulthood, adult presents with HTN

30
Q

Excessive alcohol use is a/w which type of Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

31
Q

S3 gallop

A

Heart failure

32
Q

6 week old infant
Turns blue all over when feeding or crying
Cyanosis of lips when crying

RVH

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

33
Q

Most common Cyanotic Congenital Heart defect

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

34
Q

4 components of Tet of Fallot

A

Ventricular Septal Defect- VSD
Pulm Artery stenosis
Overriding aorta (displaced to the R)
Right Ventricle Hypertrophy

35
Q

VSD- hold b/w ventricles
Pulm artery stenosis- pulm artery is hard
Overriding aorta- aorta is displaced to the R
RVH

A

Tet of Fallot

36
Q

Tet of Fallot

A

Hole in ventricles
Pulm artery is hard
Aorta is to the R
R Ventricle is big

37
Q

Gradual onset of reduced exercise tolerance

3/4 Diastolic murmur best heard at APEX

A

Mitral stenosis

38
Q

Apex valves would be

A

Mitral

Tricuspid

39
Q

Diastolic rumbling murmur best heard at apex

A

Mitral stenosis

40
Q

Harsh, low pitched Crescendo-decrescendo SYSTOLIC murmur starting after S1

A

Aortic Stenosis

41
Q

K sparing diuretic

A

Amiloride

so if pt w HF has low K levels, can add this one

42
Q

Sx you may see with Coarc of Aorta (other than HTN)

A

Rib notching
Notch in aorta

Higher BP in upper extremities than lower
Delay b/w brachial and femoral pulses

Systolic ejection murmur

Clinical Prep (41 decks)

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