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Clinical Prep > EKG rhythms review > Flashcards

EKG rhythms review Flashcards

1
Q

sinus pause

A

2 missed beats

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2
Q

sinus arrest

A

3 or more missed beats

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3
Q

wandering atrial pacemaker

A

p waves that change in appearance (3 or more)

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4
Q

is wandering atrial pacemaker concerning?

A

not really

normal in children, older adults, and athletes

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5
Q

PAC- premature atrial complex

A

normal QRS, just one is early because an ectopic beat originates outside of the SA node

the p-wave of the early beat will be diff from the rest of the p-waves

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6
Q

PACs are followed by

A

non-compensatory pause

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7
Q

in what situation are PACs concerning?

A

sometimes can preD pts w heart dz to more serious dysrhythmias:

atrial tachy
atrial flutter
a- fib

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8
Q

what can PAC serve as an early indicator to?

A

electrolyte imbalance, CHF

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9
Q

atrial tachycardia

A

atrial rate of 150-250

a bunch of p waves b/w each QRS

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10
Q

why is atrial tachycardia dangerous?

A

increases oxygen requirements, can compromise CO in those w underlying heart dz

—-> lead to MI

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11
Q

multifocal atrial tachycardia

A

same features as wandering atrial pacemaker, but this rate is faster

120-150

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12
Q

what two atrial beats can be confused?

A

multifocal atrial tachycardia (120-150 bpm)

A-fib

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13
Q

SVT

A

p waves cannot be seen

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14
Q

atrial flutter

A

“saw-tooth” waves

“F waves”

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15
Q

with atrial flutter, the atrial rate is 250-350, but what is the ventricular (QRS) rate?

A

can vary depending on # of impulses conducted thru AV node

slower rates <40 or faster rates >150 can seriously compromise CO

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16
Q

A-fib

A

Atria >350 !!

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17
Q

Why is A-fib dangerous?

A

Leads to loss of Atrial kick, decreasing CO by 25%

Intra-atrial emboli bc the blood is sitting there in the atria

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18
Q

A-fib leads to increased risk of

A

STROKE

19
Q

what is absent with SVT?

A

p waves are absent

20
Q

3 types of JUNCTIONAL complexes

A

junctional escape

accelerated junctional

junctional tachycardia

21
Q

p waves of Junctional rhythms

A

inverted

22
Q

premature junctional complex- PJC

A

the random early wierd beat has a p wave that is inverted, QRS Is normal

23
Q

junctional escape rhythm

A

40-60 bpm

24
Q

accelerated junctional rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

25
Q

junctional tachycardia

A

100-180 bpm

26
Q

3 diff categories of rates for junctional rhythms

A

40-60

60-100

100-180

27
Q

Things to look for on EKG

A

Mean axis (lead 1 and avF)

p waves for sinus rhythm, atrial enlargement (lead II and V1)

BBB (lead I and V6)

RVH or LVH (V5-V6)

28
Q

ventricular dysrhythmia key points

A

wide, bizarre QRS complexes

T waves in opp direction

no p-waves

29
Q

3 breakdown types of ventricular dysrhythm

A

idioventricular

accelerated idioventricular

ventricular tachycardia

30
Q

Premature Ventricular Complex

A

wierd beat out of nowhere

wide, bizarre QRA

31
Q

idioventricular rhythm

A

20-40

32
Q

what beat is suuuuuuper slow?

and wide QRS

A

idioventricular rhythm

33
Q

accelerated idioventricular rhythm

A

40-100 bpm

34
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

100-250 bpm

35
Q

torsades de pointes is a type of

A

v-tachy, it’s polymorphic

36
Q

v-fib

A

chaotic firing of many sites in ventricles

heart muscle is quivering

full cardiac arrest, unresponsive, pulseless

37
Q

v-fib rate

A

300-500 vent unsynchronized impulses per minute

38
Q

1st degree AV block

A

not a true block

just a consistently prolonged PRI

longer than 0.2 seconds

39
Q

which type of 2nd degree block is more dangerous?

A

type II

bc this one more often progresses to 3rd deg complete heart block

40
Q

2nd degree type 2 block

A

considered “malignant” in emergency setting

can –> decreased CO, signs of hypoperfusion

can progress –> more severe block and Ventricular asystole

41
Q

3rd degree heart block

A

atria and ventricles are each doing their own thing

atria- SA node 60-100

ventricles- AV jx or ventricles

42
Q

SA node

A

60-100 bpm

43
Q

AV node

A

40-60 bpm

44
Q

ventricules rate

A

20-40

very slow

Clinical Prep (41 decks)

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