Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Prep > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

Best physical exam indicator of Heart Failure

A

S3 heart sound

followed by: elevated JVP, Hepatojugular reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two most common causes of CHF

A

CAD- Coronary Artery Disease

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute mgmt of CHF exacerbation

A

IV diuretics like Furosemide (Lasix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What meds can improve survival in Heart Failure pts

A

ACE-I “pril”
ARB “sartan”
Long acting cardio-selective Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Abdominojugular reflux is most consistent with

A

Right sided Heart Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medication triggers to CHF exacerbation

A

NSAIDs
Non dihydro CCBs (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
TZDs (Pioglitazone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Non med triggers to CHF exacerbation

A 
Non adhering to meds
Ischemia
Thyroid disorder
Uncontrolled HTN
Arrhythmia
Anemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inflammation of the Pericardium (sac)

A

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Infection of the heart muscle

A

Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Infection of the valves/or endocardium

A

Endocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two most common causes of Pericarditis

A

Idiopathic (dk why)

Viral- Coxsackie or Echovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 most common viruses causing Pericarditis

A

Coxsackie

Echovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dressler synd

A

a type of Pericarditis, after MI
Tx: NSAIDs
Steroids or Colchicine if refractory

can use NSAIDs bc this is weeks-months after MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pleuritic CP (relieved when sitting fwd)

A

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pericardial friction rub heard when pt is Exhaling and Leaning fwd

A

sign of Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

EKG shows diffuse STE with PR deprerssion

A

Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Tx of Pericarditis

A

NSAIDs or ASA

Colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What usually causes Myocarditis?

A

VIRAL- Coxsackie, or

Auto-immune (Lupus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sx are Fever, muscle ache, fatigue –> Systolic dysfx
Dilated Myocardiopathy

SOB, exercide induced
S3 gallop heard on PE

A

Myocarditis

20
Q

Sinus tachy, maybe increased ESR

A

Myocarditis

21
Q

Definitive dx of Myocarditis

A

Endomyocardial biopsy showing: Lymphocytes w/ myocardial tissue necrosis

(biopsy is reserved for severe cases though)

22
Q

Tx of Myocarditis

A

Same as HF:

ACE-I
B-blockers
Diuretics

23
Q

Endocarditis

A

infection of VALVES or endocardium

24
Q

Valve most commonly affected by Endocarditis

A

Mitral valve

25
Q

Valve most commonly affected by Endocarditis if person has hx of IVDU

A

Tricuspid

26
Q

IVDU –> Endocarditis

A

Staph Aureus

27
Q

Dental –> Endocarditis

A

Step Viridans

28
Q

Prosthetic valve –> Endocarditis

A

Staph epidermis

29
Q

GI/GU procedure –> Endocarditis

A

Entero

30
Q

Persistent fever, fatigue, Anorexia
Osler nodes (PAINFUL, purple nodules on hands/feet)
Janeway lesions (no pain, macules on palms/soles)
Splinter hemorrhage
Roth spots on eyes
Splenomegaly

A

Endocarditis

31
Q

TIMI heart score

A 
age >65
>3 CAD risk factors
known CAD
Aspirin use in past 7d
severe CP
EKG changes
\+ cardiac marker
32
Q

CRITICAL causes of CP

A 
MI
Aortic dissection
PE
Tension PNX
Tamponade
Mediastinitis
Esophogeal rupture
Perforated ulcer
33
Q

Normal trop value

A

<10

34
Q

Post MI Pericarditis (2-3 days after heart attack)

A

AVOID NSAIDS

Do not want to mess up the healing process of the heart

35
Q

Cardiac tamponade- heart is getting pushed on by all the fluid surrounding it

A

Beck’s triad:

  • hypotension
  • JVD
  • muffled heart sounds
36
Q

Tx for Tamponade

A

drain pericardial effusion

37
Q

How is Dressler’s synd diff than Post MI pericarditis?

A

develops longer after MI
weeks- months

can use NSAIDs here- NSAIDs, Steroids, Colchicine

38
Q

Endocarditis

A

IVDU

infection of the VALVES

Osler nodes
Janeway lesions
Splinter hemorrhage
Subungual petechiae

39
Q

Tx of Endocarditis

3 things

A

Vanco + Ceftriaxone + Genta

40
Q

Two types of Aortic dissection

A

Acute ascending- type A- EMERGENCY

Descending- managed w meds

41
Q

Tx of Aortic dissection

A

If hemodyn unstable, intubate

Bedside echo, Vascular consult, admit

Give: pain meds, BP CONTROL (IV beta blocker like Esmolol)

42
Q

Give what beta blocker to Aortic dissection

A

IV Esmolol

43
Q

Marfan syndrome is associated with what murmur

A

Mitral valve prolapse

44
Q

Peri-infarction (post MI) Pericarditis will appear 2-3 days after Heart Attack

SOON AFTER

A

Supportive tx (usually self limited, Give Tylenol)

can give: ASA +/- Colchicine

AVOID NSAIDs
bc want to let the heart heal

45
Q

Tx for Endocarditis

Abx for 6 weeks

A

Vanco + Rocephin

or sub Rocephin for Genta

Clinical Prep (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions