Heart Failure

Question 1

What is heart failure?

Answer 1

complex syndrome
no pump
due to structural and functional changes

Question 1

HF causes

Answer 1

cardiomyopathy
hypertension
coronary artery disease

Question 2

oedema associated with HF

Answer 2

peripheral and pulmonary

Question 3

HF classes 1-4 depend on

Answer 3

symptoms during physical activity

Question 4

RS HF congestion:

Answer 4

peripheral

Question 5

LF HS congestion:

Answer 5

pulmonary

Question 6

aims of HF treatment:

Answer 6

tolerance to exercise
symptom relief
reduce mortality

Question 7

afterload:

Answer 7

pressure heart works against

Question 8

preload:

Answer 8

ventricular stretch at the end of diastole

Question 9

how is cardiac output increased?

Answer 9

reducing afterload

Question 10

how is gas exchange improved?

Answer 10

reducing preload

Question 11

Beta Blockers in HF:

Answer 11

inhibit sympathetic activity
reduce dysrhythmia
prevent hypertrophy
3rd gen: vasodilation

Question 12

1st gen selectivity:

Answer 12

non-selective for B1 and B2

Question 13

2nd gen selectivity:

Answer 13

B1

Question 14

3rd gen selectivity:

Answer 14

selective/ non-selective + extra effects

Question 15

how does carvedilol cause vasodilation?

Answer 15

alpha blockade

Question 16

beta blockers tend to cause:

Answer 16

vasoconstriction

Question 17

HF drugs:

Answer 17

beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
AT1 receptor blockers
neprilysin inhibitors

Question 18

ACE inhibitors, AT1 receptor blockers and neprilysin inhibitors promote:

Answer 18

vasodilation