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Kol- Pedes > Heart Disorders > Flashcards

Heart Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

3 defects that increase pulmonary blood flow

A

Ventricular septum defect vsd
Atrial septal defect asd
Patent ductus arteriosus

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2
Q

Hole in septum between right and left ventricle that results in increased pulmonary blood flow flow (left to right shunt)

A

Ventricular septal defect

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3
Q

A hole in septum between right and left atria that results in increased pulmonary blood flow

A

Atrial septal defect

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4
Q

Condition where normal fetal circulation conduit between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close causing increased pulmonary blood flow (left to right shunt)

( The fetal duct between the pulmonary artery and the aorta does not close)

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

**common in premies

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5
Q

Do vsd require surgery or close on their own?

A

Close

On their own

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6
Q

Loud hard murmur, heart failure, closes on it own early in life

A

Ventricular septal defect

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7
Q

Loud hard murmur with fixed split second heart sound, heart failure, asxs sometimes

A

Atrial septal defect

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8
Q

Machine him systolic murmur, wide pulse pressure, bounding pulse, asxs sometimes, heart failure, rales

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

3 types of obstructive defects

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Aortic stenosis
Coarctation of aorta

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10
Q

Type of heart defect where blood flow exiting the heart meets an area of narrowing (stenosis) which causes obstruction of blood flow resulting in decreased cardiac output

A

Obstructive defects

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11
Q

Narrowing of pulmonary valve or pulmonary artery that result in obstruction of blood flow from ventricles

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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12
Q

Systolic ejection murmur, asxs sometimes, cyanosis with worsening narrowing, cardiomegaly, heart failure

A

Pulmonary stenosis

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13
Q

Narrowing of aortic valve

A

Aortic stenosis

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14
Q

Aortic stenosis in infants vs children

A

Infant- faint pulse, hypotension, tachycardia, poor feeding

Children- intolerance to exercise, dizziness, chest pain, possible ejection murmur

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15
Q

Narrowing of lumen of aorta, usually at or near the ductus arteriosus that results In Obstruction of blood flow from aorta

A

Coarctation of aorta

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16
Q

Elevated bp in arms, bounding pulse in upper extremities, decreased bp in lower extremities + weak absent pulses lower, heart failure in infants, dizziness, headache, fainting, nosebleeds

A

Coarctation of aorta

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17
Q

2 heart defect that decrease pulmonary blood flow

A

Tricuspid atresia

Tetralogy of fallot

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18
Q

These type of defects have hypercyanotic spells

A

Defects that decrease pulmonary Bld flow - tricuspid atresia and tetralogy of fallot

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19
Q

Complete closure of tricuspid valve resulting in mixed blood flow. + atrial septal opening defect that allows blood to enter left atrium

(Tricuspid valve is closed and septal defect )

A

Tricuspid atresia

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20
Q

Infants va children sxs tricuspid atresia

A

Infants: cyanosis, dyspnea, tachycardia

Children: hypoxemia, clubbing of fingers

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21
Q

4 defects of tetralogy of fallot

A

Pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
Overriding aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy

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22
Q

What does your heart sound like with tetralogy of fallot

A

Systolic murmur

23
Q

3 types of mixed defect

A

Transposition of great arteries
Truncus arteriosus
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

24
Q

Digoxin hold parameters infant vs child

A

Infant <90

Child < 70

25
Q

Antidote for digoxin

A

Digoxin immune fag

26
Q

Sxs of digoxin toxicity

A

Bradycardia, dysthymia, n/v, anorexia, visual disturbances

27
Q

What class of drugs are catopril and enalapril ?

Why use them for heart stuff?

A

Ace inhibitor

Reduce after load by causing vasodilation

28
Q

Nursing actions for furosemide

A

Potassium wasting diuretic

High k diet
I/O
Monitor hypokalemia, nausea, vomitting, dizziness
Daily weight

29
Q

Where do triglycerides come from?

A

Made by body from carbohydrates

End product of fat ingestion

30
Q

What is HDL?

A

Good!

Low level cholesterol/triglyceride and high protein

31
Q

What is LDL?

A

Bad!

High level cholesterol, low level triglycerides, moderate protein

32
Q

2 treatments for all 3 Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow heart defects + 1 special for PDA

A

ASD, VSD, PDA: may close spontaneously, cardiac cath

PDA- indomethacin

33
Q

treatment for Obstruction to blood flow heart conditions? (2)

A
  • cardiac cath

* balloon angioplasty = opens narrow area

34
Q

these type of defects result in dexoygenated blood entering the body circulation

A

Decreased pulmonary blood flow

  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Tricuspid atresia
35
Q

symptoms of tetraology of fallot

A
  • TET spells
  • Murmur
  • Client blue with crying, feeding, play
  • Chronic hypoxia (clubbing)
36
Q

type of defect where

◦ aorta connected to right ventricle 
◦ pulmonary artery connected to left ventricle
A

Transposition of the great arteries :Mixed Blood Flow Defect

37
Q

defect where Failure of septum to form

A

Truncus arteriosus :: Mixed Blood Flow Defect

38
Q

defect with Underdeveloped left side of heart

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Mixed Blood Flow Defects

39
Q

how do you do a Critical Congenital Heart Screening?

what do we do if results are abnormal?

A

pulse ox on newborn on right hand and both feet. Look for differences- want <3%
• need to be above 90% on the hand
• repeat if difference >3% - if difference persists –> refer to specialty care

40
Q

S/S of congestive heart failure (7)

A
  • Tachycardia
  • Tachypnea
  • Weight gain
  • Poor Feeding/Growth
  • Fatigue
  • Decreased output
  • Orthopnea
41
Q

considerations for feeding CHF babes?

A
  • Feed every 3 hours
  • Polycose to add calories
  • cluster care- not feeding every hour
42
Q

when do we hold digoxin in an adult?

A

<60 / min

43
Q

patient/ parent education for digoxin?

A

◦ make sure parents can check radial or apical pulse before discharge

44
Q

The disease causes Weakening of the walls of blood vessels due to acute systemic vasculitis/ inflammation

A

Kawasaki Disease

45
Q

3 phases of kawaski disease

A

acute, subacute, convalescent

46
Q

tell me what happen in the acute phases of kawaski

A

• acute- high fever unresponsive to antipyretics, eyes red (no drainage), bright red chapped lips, strawberry tongue with red bumps, irritability inflammation in throat, swelling in hands and feet, palms and soles red, non-blistering rash, joint pain bilaterally, myocarditis, LV function decreased, pericardial effusion

47
Q

tell me what happen in subacute phase of kawaski

A

• subacute- fever will break, subsiding of other s/s, irritability, peeling of skin around nails/palms/soles

48
Q

how long can sxs of kawaski persist?

A

sxs 8 weeks

49
Q

will labs be normal during convalescent phase of kawaski?

A

no- altered for 6-8 week

50
Q

2 treatments for kawaski

A

aspirin high dose

iv immunoglobulin

51
Q

how do we handle administering IV immunogobblins

A

◦ treat as blood administration
◦ potential for infusion reaction
◦ want immunoglobulin to be clear- not cloudy- discard if cloudy!
◦ exp date/ lot # recorded

52
Q

when is it most effective to admin IV immunogobblins for kawaski?

A

w/in 1st 10 days of illness onset

53
Q

if you immunogobblin is cloudy can you give it?

A

NO- needs to be clear

54
Q

monitor for infusion _______ with IV immunogobblins

A

reaction

Kol- Pedes (16 decks)

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