Diabetes

Question 1

difference b/w type.1 and type 2 diabetes

Answer 1

1 =Destruction of beta cells of pancreas –> insulin deficiency (• insulin dependent)
2 =insulin insufficiency and not using insulin properly in body

Question 2

tests for checking for diabetes (4) + values

Answer 2

• Hemoglobin A1C > 6.5%= diabetes
• Fasting blood glucose > 126 = diabetes (should be 80-120)
• oral glucose tolerance test > 200 =diabetes
• incidental blood glucose with s/s >200 = diabetes

Question 3

s/s of hypoglycemia

Answer 3

• CBG <60
• hunger/lightheadedness/shakiness
• headache
• anxiety/irritability
• pale/cool skin
• diaphoresis
• shallow breathing
• irritability
• tachycardia/palpitation
• decrease LOC
• slurred speech
• blurred vision
• seizure leading to coma

Question 4

safety education for type 1 diabetes

Answer 4

have simple sugar with them at all times, caregivers aware of s/s of hypoglycemia

Question 5

prevention of hypoglycemia

Answer 5

exercise can lower CBG so eat a snack 30 minutes before activity + snack during for prolonged exercise

Question 6

s/s of hyperglycemia

Answer 6

thirst, polyuria (early), oliguria (late), N/V, abdominal pain, skin that is warm/dry/flushed with poor turgor, dry mucous membranes, confusion, weak, lethargic, weak pulse, diminished reflexes, rapid/deep resps. fruity odor

Question 7

sick day rules for type 1 diabetes

Answer 7

• always give prescribed illness
• check CBG every 4 hours
• ketone testing w/ every void
• calorie containing liquids in place of solid foods
• hospitalize if cannot retain fluids or food
• know when to contact provider

Question 8

Rapid-acting: name and onset

Answer 8

Rapid-acting: Insulin lispro , onset w/in 15 minute

Question 9

short acting: name and onset

Answer 9

Short-acting: Regular insulin, onset w/in 30 minutes, in IV drip

Question 10

intermediate acting: name and onset

Answer 10

Intermediate-acting: NPH, onset 1-2 hour

Question 11

long acting name and onset

Answer 11

Long-acting: Insulin glargine- onset 1-4 hour

Question 12

drug to treat hypoglycemia

Answer 12

glucagon

Question 13

are oral hypoglycemic agents used with type 1 diabetes?

Answer 13

no! inly type 2

Question 14

admin condsiderations for insulin (can you mix glargine? how do you draw differnt kinds up?)

Answer 14

• do not mix glargine (long acting) w/ other insulin
• rotate injection site
• inject at 90 degree angle
• do not aspirate
• draw up short acting first and then long acting

Question 15

DKA s/s

Answer 15

> 330 mg/dL, Ketonemia, glycosuria, ketonuria, acidosis

Question 16

patho of DKA

Answer 16

• Results in breakdown of body fat for energy, accumulation of ketones in the blood, urine, and lungs
◦ potassium shifting –> cerebral edema

Question 17

causes of DKA

Answer 17

–insufficient insulin, acute stress, poor management of acute illness

Question 18

actions for managing DKA

Answer 18

Rapid isotonic fluid replacement (0.9% sodium chloride), insulin, glucose, monitoring glucose and potassium (initailly HYPERk then HYPOk risk )