heart disease, high blood pressure & strokes

Question 1

what are common names for heart disease?

Answer 1

1) coronary heart disease
2) CHD

Question 2

what is the leading cause of death around the world?

Answer 2

coronary heart disease

Question 3

what is coronary heart disease?

Answer 3

where coronary arteries become blocked/start to narrow by a gradual build up of fatty deposits

Question 4

what is the function of coronary arteries?

Answer 4

to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

Question 5

what is the process of gradual fatty build up in arteries called?

Answer 5

atherosclerosis

Question 6

what are the fatty deposits called?

Answer 6

atheroma

Question 7

what are some causes of atherosclerosis?

Answer 7

1) high Blood Pressure
2) high levels of cholesterol
3) lack of exercise
4) smoking

Question 8

what is the main symptom of atherosclerosis?

Answer 8

pain and discomfort

Question 9

what is the scientific name for this pain?

Answer 9

angina

Question 10

what can happen if fatty deposits break off the coronary artery?

Answer 10

a blood clot can form resulting in blockages
this can cut off supply of oxygenated blood to the heart muscle = heart attack

Question 11

what is the recommended amount of exercise time per week?

Answer 11

150 minutes

Question 12

what negative effect can high blood pressure have on the body?

Answer 12

it can put extra strain on the arteries and heart

Question 13

what risks are there if high blood pressure is left untreated?

Answer 13

increased risk of heart attack, heart failure, kidney disease, stroke or dementia

Question 14

where is blood pressure measured and what does a typical reading look like?

Answer 14

measured at: brachial artery in upper arm
typical reading: 120mmHg/80
(mmHg = millimetres of mercury)

Question 15

what can be done to reduce high blood pressure?

Answer 15

regular aerobic exercise
it lowers both systolic and diastolic pressure

Question 16

what are low density lipoproteins? (LDL)

Answer 16

transport cholesterol in the blood to the liver and are considered ‘bad’ cholesterol as they are linked to increased risk of heart disease

Question 17

what are high density lipoproteins?
(HDL)

Answer 17

transport excess cholesterol in the blood back to the liver where it is broken down.
they are classed as ‘good’ cholesterol as they lower the risk of developing heart disease

Question 18

where is blood pressure different?

Answer 18

in the various blood vessels

Question 19

what is blood pressure largely dependant on?

Answer 19

the distance of the blood vessel from the heart

Question 20

what type of blood does the brain need a constant supply of?

Answer 20

oxygenated

Question 21

when does a stroke occur?

Answer 21

when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off
causes damage to the brain cells so they start to die

Question 22

what can a stroke lead to?

Answer 22

1) brain Injury
2) disability
3) death

Question 23

what are the two main types of stroke?

Answer 23

1) ischaemic
2) haemorrhagic

Question 24

what is an Ischaemic stroke?

Answer 24

the most common form of stroke
occurs when a blood clot stops the blood supply

Question 25

what is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 25

occurs when a weakened blood vessel supplying the brain bursts

Question 26

what is the equation for blood pressure?

Answer 26

blood flow x resistance

Question 27

what is systolic pressure?

Answer 27

pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting

Question 28

what is diastolic pressure?

Answer 28

pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting