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Embryology > Heart Development > Flashcards

Heart Development Flashcards

1
Q

Where do heart cells differentiate?

A

Cardiogenic field

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2
Q

Where are blood islands and myoblasts found?

A

The sphlanic layer of the lateral plate mesoderm

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3
Q

What unites to form a horse-shoe shaped plexus?

A

Blood islands and myoblasts

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4
Q

During week 3 folding, what moves down and becomes thoracic cavity?

A

Neural plate

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5
Q

What part of the horse-shoe plexus forms the cardiogenic field?

A

Ventral part

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6
Q

What part of the horse-shoe plexus forms the dorsal aortae?

A

Latter portions

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7
Q

What occurs during lateral folding of the heart cells?

A

The ends of the horse-shoe plexus come together and fuse, creating a more tube-lie structure

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8
Q

What occurs during cranio-caudal folding of the heart cells?

A

Heart tube moves inferiorly and then into the cervical region and then into the thoracic cavity

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9
Q

At what stage, does everything develop in paired structures?

A

Day 22

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10
Q

What makes connections with developing vasculature?

A

Simple heart tube

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11
Q

What makes connections with developing venous system?

A

2 aorta (that rub either side of the embryo)

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12
Q

What separates the myocardium and endocardium?

A

Cardiac jelly (a layer of connective tissue)

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13
Q

What develops in the epicardium?

A

A proliferation of cells on the dorsal mesocardium near the vitelline veins

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14
Q

What are vitelline veins?

A

Veins that drain blood from the yolk sac

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15
Q

What are the 3 layers of the 3-layered heart tube?

A

Endocardium (endothelial lining); myocardium (muscular wall); epicardium (visceral pericardium)

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16
Q

The end of the heart tube connects to what?

A

Venous system

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17
Q

What is an anchoring of the heart tube to the foregut?

A

Dorsal mesocardium

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18
Q

What does the dorsal mesocardiun break down into?

A

Tranverse pericardial sinus

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19
Q

What is the heart initially suspended by?

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

List the 5 dilatations that become apparent in the heart

A
  1. sinus venous; 2. atrium; 3. ventricle; 4. bulbus cordis; 5. truncus arteriosus
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21
Q

What is the direction of blood flow through the primitve heart?

A

Through the right and left horns of the sinus venous -> atrium -> ventricle -> bulbus cordis -> truncus arteriosus

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22
Q

Describe the adult structures of sinus venosus

A

Smootb part of right atrium; coronary sinus (derived from right horn so is vein of left atrium); oblique vein of left atrium (derived from left hor)

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23
Q

Describe the adult structures of the primitive atrium

A

Trabeculated parts of right and left atria; forms left oracle

24
Q

Describe the adult structures of the primitve ventricle

A

Trabeculated part of left ventricle

25
Q

Describe the adult structures of the bulbus cordis

A

Trabeculated part of proximal right ventricle; distal outflow of both ventricles

26
Q

Describe the adult structures of the truncus arteriosus

A

Aorta; pulmonary trunk

27
Q

In what direction must the atrium move in week 4 (day 23)?

A

Cranially and ventrally

28
Q

In what direction should the ventricle move in week 4 (day 23)

A

Displaced left

29
Q

In what direction must the bulbus cordis move in week 4 (day 23)?

A

Inferiorly, ventrally to the right

30
Q

As the atrium move in week 4, what does it pull with it?

A

Sinous venosus

31
Q

What does the single atrium communicate with?

A

Left ventricle; right ventricle; outflow tracts

32
Q

Why must the atrioventricular canal move?

A

So that when the primitive atrium divides, the AV canal can still communicate with both left and right atria

33
Q

What are the swellings within the AV node?

A

Endocardial cushions (they fuse together and separate atrium into left and right)

34
Q

What grows from the roof of the common atrium down towards the endocardial cushions?

A

Septum primum (day 40)

35
Q

As the septum primum fuses with the endocardial cushions, what occurs?

A

The foramen primum decreases in size (day 40)

36
Q

What occurs at the roof of the atrium?

A

Apoptosis (day 40)

37
Q

What does this area of apoptosis create?

A

New opening that still allows communication between left and right known as the foramen secundum (day 40)

38
Q

What is the second growth on the right atrium?

A

Septum secundum (day 40)

39
Q

How is access to foramen secundum granted?

A

By pushing blood against the septum primum from the septum secundum

40
Q

What is the foramen that remains called?

A

Foramen ovale

41
Q

Where does oxygenated blood come from?

A

Placenta

42
Q

Describe the function of foramen ovale before birth

A

Septum primum acts as a valve and so opens the foramen ovale when there is high pressue in the right atrium

43
Q

Describe the function of foramen ovale after birth

A

As baby takes its first breath, there is a filling of venous plexus so there is high pressure in left atrium which closes septum primum. This then fuses to the foramen ovale creating fossa ovalis

44
Q

Where is the left atrium derived from?

A

Pulmonary veins

45
Q

What are the 2 components of the ventriculr septation?

A

Muscular part and membranous part

46
Q

What does the membranous part ensure?

A

That the pulmonary comes from the right and the aorta comes from the left

47
Q

What is the spike outgrowth from the bulbus cordis?

A

Muscular ventricular septum within the trabecular layer

48
Q

What shape is the outflow tract?

A

Spiral

49
Q

How do the outflow tracts become separated?

A

Outgrowths known as conotruncal swellings grow towards each other and fuse

50
Q

When is the final spetum formed?

A

After birth to allow by pass of blood to lungs

51
Q

What kind of blood is receieved from the right?

A

Combination of systemic deoxygenated and oxygenated blood from umbilical vein

52
Q

Where does blood recieved from the right enter?

A

Right atrium from IVC

53
Q

Where does blood from the SVC deflect into?

A

Both left and right ventricles

54
Q

Where does blood from the right ventricle go to?

A

Small portion goes to the lungs but the rest goes to the left sided septum via the aorta

55
Q

Where are the umbilical veins located?

A

End of the aorta

Embryology (6 decks)

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