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Embryology > Development of Vasculature > Flashcards

Development of Vasculature Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 different components of the venous system?

A

Vitelline (yolk sac); cardinal (systemic); umbilical

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2
Q

Where does the formation of the 1st blood cells and vessels occur?

A

In the yolk sac (week 3)

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3
Q

What are hemangioblasts?

A

Progenitors that form the blood islands

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4
Q

What do hemangioblasts differentiate into?

A

Hematopoietic stem cells; endothelial precursor cells

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5
Q

What are endothelial precursor cells?

A

Wall of blood vessels

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6
Q

What are haematopoietic stem cells?

A

Immature cells that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets

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7
Q

As the yolk sac is not big enough, what organ takes over to perform haematopoisesis?

A

Liver (week 4)

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8
Q

After the liver takes over, in week 10/10.5 what then replaces the liver to perform haematopoisesis?

A

Bone marrow

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9
Q

What is haemoatopoisesis?

A

Blood cell production

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10
Q

Where do the earliest vessels come from?

A

Vasculogensis

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11
Q

What is vasculogensis?

A

Endothelial precursor cells join to form vesicles that form enlongated tubes

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12
Q

What takes over vasculogenesis?

A

Angiogenesis

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13
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

When old vessels sprout new vessels

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14
Q

How many pairs of aortic arches are there?

A

6 (in pharyngeal arches)

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15
Q

What happens do the 1st and 2nd aortic pairs?

A

They are obliterated

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16
Q

Name the 1st and 2nd pair of aortic arches?

A

Maxillary; Stapedial

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17
Q

What happens to the 5th pair of aortic arches?

A

Disappears/has no function/absent

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18
Q

What are the 3rd pair of aortic arches?

A

Common carotid artery; first part of internal carotid artery

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19
Q

What are the 4th pair of aortic arches?

A

Left side contributes to part of the aortic arch and right side contributes the subclavian artery

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20
Q

What are the 6th pair of aortic arches?

A

Sprout branches that form pulmonary artery, ductus arteriosus on the left, and communicates with the aorta

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21
Q

What branch do the external carotid arteries come from?

A

Internal carotid artery

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22
Q

Describe the development of the 6th aortic arch pair

A

Initially forms communication on the left as the ductus arteriosus; main branch grows into the lungs giving pulmonary vasculature (cranial nerve is associated with this)

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23
Q

What is the right recurrent nerve trapped by?

A

Right subclavian artery

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24
Q

What fuses to create the aorta?

A

Left and right aortae (gives many branches)

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25
Q

What in the yolk sac connects with the embryonic vasculature?

A

Vitelline veins, arteries and vessels

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26
Q

What else do the structures in the yolk sac do?

A

Grow out of the sac towards mid gut creating vessels that connect the dorsal aorta

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27
Q

What is the yolk sac associated with?

A

3 vessels that supply the abdominal gut (midgut, hindgut, foregut)

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28
Q

What do the lateral branches of the dorsal aorta supply?

A

Structures in the abdominal cavity (i.e suprarenal cavity; gonadal artery)

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29
Q

What artery is associated with the thoracic region?

A

Intercostal artery

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30
Q

What artery is associated with the lumbar region?

A

Lumbar artery

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31
Q

What artery is associated with the sacral region?

A

Lateral Sacral artery

32
Q

How many cervical arteries are there?

A

7

33
Q

List the 7 cervial arteries

A

Right vertebral artery; common carotid artery; brachiocephalic artery; left subclavian artery; left vertebral artery; internal thoracic artery; descending aorta

34
Q

What is an anastomose?

A

A cross-section between vessels

35
Q

What vessels are lost?

A

Intersegmental vessels

36
Q

What do the vitelline veins drain?

A

Yolk sac

37
Q

What do the vitelline veins form?

A

Portal venous system

38
Q

What does the portal venous system drain?

A

Gut, that goes back to the heart via the liver (hepatic sinusoids/veins)

39
Q

What are the vitelline veins also associated with?

A

IVC (smll component)

40
Q

What does the distal part of the left umbilical vein form?

A

Ductus venosus and definitive umbilical vein

41
Q

What does the umbilical vein form?

A

Ligamentum teres (after it is lost after birth)

42
Q

What does the ductus venosus form?

A

Ligamentum venosum

43
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum?

A

It is a ligament that connects the umbilical vein to the IVC

44
Q

What is the ligament teres?

A

A ligament that contains a blood vessel that contributes to the femoral head during childhood

45
Q

What does the liver form as?

A

A sprout from gut tube

46
Q

As the liver grows, what does it do?

A

Engulfs the vitelline veins (become part of liver) and forms venous system (hepatic sinusoids)

47
Q

What kind of channels connect the hepatic venous system to the sinus venosum?

A

Hepatocardiac channels

48
Q

What is the single large connection to the liver?

A

Hepatic vein

49
Q

Within the liver itself, a large vessel forms, what is this called?

A

Ductus venosus

50
Q

Describe the pathway of blood coming in through left umbilical

A

Comes in through ductus venosus and then goes back towards the developing heart

51
Q

What happens to the right umbilical vein?

A

Thins out and regresses until it disappears

52
Q

What veins unite to form the common cardinal veins?

A

Anterior and posterior cardinal veins

53
Q

What does the anterior cardinal vein drain?

A

Head; neck; upper limb

54
Q

What does the anastomosis between the anterior cardinal veins develop into?

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

55
Q

What is the SVC formed from?

A

The right common carotid vein and proximal part of right anterior cardinal vein

56
Q

The right anterior cardinal veins form the?

A

Internal jugular veins

57
Q

The left posterior cardinal vein entering the left brachiocephalic vein is retained as what small vessel?

A

Left superior intercostal vein

58
Q

The anastomosis between the subcardinal veins forms what?

A

Left renal vein

59
Q

Once the left subcardinal ven disappears what is left?

A

Left gonadal vein

60
Q

The right subcardinal vein develops into?

A

Renal segment of the IVC

61
Q

The anastomosis between rhe sacrocardinal veins forms what?

A

Left common iliac vein

62
Q

What forms the azygos vein?

A

Right supracardinal vein and a portion of the posterior cardinal vein

63
Q

What forms the hemiazygos?

A

Left supracardinal vein

64
Q

What horn increases in size due to shift in blood?

A

Right horn

65
Q

What happens to the left anterior and posterior cardinal veins?

A

They regress

66
Q

What does the sinus venosus lose connection with?

A

Vitelline vein

67
Q

What happens to the left and right umbilical veins?

A

They regress

68
Q

What veins increase in size due to extra space from regressing veins?

A

Systemic veins

69
Q

Where does the right horn connect to?

A

Right atrium

70
Q

What is found in the left horn?

A

Conorary sinus

71
Q

What is formed in the left horn?

A

A small opening into right atrium providing venous return frm heart

72
Q

What blood is carried in umbilical vein?

A

Oxygenated blood

73
Q

What kind blood is in the IVC?

A

Mixed

74
Q

What blood is carried by the SVC to the right atrium?

A

Systemic blood

75
Q

What happens to the umbilical veins and arteries after birth?

A

Breakdown and become fibrous structure

Embryology (6 decks)

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