Heart anomalies & Valve Disorders Flashcards
How do you classify congenital heart anomalies?
Cyanotic or non cyanotic
Types of cyanotic anomalies
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pulmonary atresia
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Transposition of great vessels
Types of non cyanotic anomalies
Atrial septal defect Ventricular septal defect AV septal defect Patent ductus arteriosus Coarctation of the aorta
Aortic stenosis
Narrowed valve opening that impedes the ejecting function of theft heart
Aortic regurgitation
Volume overloading due retrograde filling into left ventricle
Mitral stenosis
Impedes blood flow from left atrium and ventricle
Mitral valve regurgitation
retrograde blood flow and volume overload of left atrium
Mitral valve prolapse
Asymptomatic; can be associated with mitral regurgitation
What does valve-related progressive heart failure lead to?
Pulmonary HTN & congestion
Causes of mitral and aortic valve disorder
- Congenital
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Connective tissue disease
- Infection
- Senile degradation
Clinical features of valvular disorders
Dyspnea, fatigue, exercise intolerance
Cough, rales, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, hemoptysis
Heart murmur or thrill
Clinical feature for aortic stenosis
Thready carotid pulses
Clinical feature for aortic regurgitation
Bounding pulses with widen pulse pressure
Characteristics of tricuspid and pulmonic valve disorders
- Congenital
- Stenosis in adults due to rheumatic scarring or connective tissue disease
- Right-sided pressure overloads leads to right-sided cardiomegaly, systemic venous congestion, and right-sided heart failure
Clinical features of Tri/Pul valve disorders
Exercise intolerance, JVD, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly
