Heart and Great Vessels pt. 1

Question 1

-Forms the lateral boundary for the heart.
-Fibrous pericardium (outer layer) blends with parietal pleura of the lungs to form this

Answer 1

Mediastinal Pleura

Question 2

-Forms the posterior boundary of the heart.
-Enlarged heart = difficult swallowing

Answer 2

Esophagus

Question 3

Forms the superior border of the heart.

Answer 3

Tracheal Bifurcation into 2 mainstem bronchi

Question 4

Forms the inferior border of the heart. The heart rests on this.

Answer 4

Diaphragm

Question 5

Where the great vessels come off of the heart. Occurs at about the 2nd costal cartilage.

Answer 5

Base of the heart

Question 6

Occurs slightly beyond the edge of the right sternal border. 1-2 inches beyond the right sternal border

Answer 6

Right Margin of the Heart

Question 7

Occurs at the intersection of the Left Midclavicular Line and the 5th ICS

Answer 7

Apex of the heart

Question 8

The most anterior chamber of the heart

Answer 8

Right Ventricle

Question 9

-Thought to release a hormone that regulates body fluids. Tends to limit the amount of expansion the RA can have. Takes compression off of the RA.

Answer 9

Right Auricular Appendage

Question 10

A depression between the Right Atrium and the Right ventricle

Answer 10

Coronary Sulcus

Question 11

A depression between the right ventricle and the left ventricle

Answer 11

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

Question 12

The most posterior chamber of the heart.
-Has the termination of the pulmonary veins

Answer 12

Left Atrium

Question 13

Normally have 2 on each side (Superior and Inferior), but sometimes, can have a Left Accessory ________ ______.

Answer 13

Pulmonary Veins

Question 14

Found in the posterior wall of the Right Atrium. A small nodule that consists of cardiac muscle and acts like a pacemaker cell

Answer 14

Sino-atrial Node

Question 15

Connected to the SA Node by Internodal Pathways. Pacemaker cell that depolarizes at a slower rate than the SA Node.
-Sends impulse to the Bundle of His (R and L)

Answer 15

AV Node

Question 16

After passing the interventricular septum, impulse travels on the left to the Anterior & Posterior ______ _____, and on the right to the Right _____ _______.

Answer 16

Bundle Branch

Question 17

Then the ventricular system terminates in these projections off of the Bundle Branches.
-Innervate the cardiac muscle to depolarize and contract.

Answer 17

Purkinje Fibers

Question 18

Runs from the interventricular septum to the right bundle branch.
-Ends in the papillary muscles
-Collection of muscle fibers that conducts the right bundle branch. RBB runs within this cluster of muscle
-May prevent overdistention of the RV

Answer 18

Moderator Band (Septomarginal Fasciculus)

Question 19

The smooth surface of the right atrium.
-Posteromedial Wall
-Contains the Fossa Ovalis

Answer 19

Interatrial Septum

Question 20

The portion of the right atrium that contains muscle fibers.
-Anterolateral wall
-Function is to prevent over-distention of the heart. Can only fill so much before the heart contracts.

Answer 20

Musculi Pectinati

Question 21

Separates the smooth wall (Interatrial Septum) from the rough wall (Musculi Pectinati) in the right atrium.
-A ridge that isolates the anterolateral wall (Musculi pectinati) from the posteromedial wall (Interatrial Septum)

Answer 21

Crista Terminalis

Question 22

-On oval-shaped thumbprint in the Interatrial septum.
-Has a raised border around it called the Limbus of the _____ _____.
-In utero, a right to left shunt was used to skip the lungs. Once the baby is born, blood goes through the lungs, and the hole closes over about 2 weeks. If remains patent, and above a certain size, will need repair as it continues bypassing the lungs.

Answer 22

Fossa Ovalis (before birth is the Foramen Ovale)

Question 23

Found in the right atrium to the left of the Fossa Ovalis.
-Brings blood back into the RA to be recycled.
-Has a tissue flap called the Thebesian Valve (a one-way valve that keeps blood from going backwards). When the heart is full, the Thebesian Valve closes.

Answer 23

Coronary Sinus Opening

Question 24

Found in the floor of the Right Atrium.
-Has the Eustachian Valve (a one-way valve that closes to prevent the backflow of blood)

Answer 24

IVC Opening

Question 25

Muscle with strings (Chordae Tendineae) off of it that attach to each cusp of the valve.

Answer 25

Papillary Muscle

Question 26

Rough tissue, muscle bands located within the ventricle.
-Function is to prevent overdistention of the heart when it fills up with blood.

Answer 26

Trabeculae Carneae

Question 27

Found over the RV, the beginning of the Pulmonary Trunk (outside)

Answer 27

Conus Arteriosus

Question 28

Found in the RV, marks the beginning of the Pulmonary Trunk (inside)

Answer 28

Supraventricular Crest

Question 29

In this chamber, the musculi pectinati are found really only in the Left Auricular Appendage (risk for patients with afib of clot formation here)
-The actual chamber itself is very smooth

Answer 29

Left Atrium

Question 30

When the muscles contract, these force the valve into a closed position, limiting the amount of closure you get so that you don’t get inversion of the valve and regurgitation.
-Prevents inversion into the atrium and regurgitation

Answer 30

Chordae Tendineae

Question 31

Has 3 Leaflets: Anterior, Posterior, and Septal (Medial)

Answer 31

Tricuspid Valve

Question 32

Has 2 leaflets: Anterior and Posterior

Answer 32

Bicuspid Valve

Question 33

Has 3 leaflets: Left, Right, and Anterior

Answer 33

Pulmonic Valve

Question 34

Has 3 leaflets: Left, Right, and Posterior

Answer 34

Aortic Valve

Question 35

Leaflets hang off of the aorta.
-Has a thin edge called the Lunula, which has a bump in the middle called the Nodule. Nodule gives you balance to the valve and helps it open/close better.
-Has a space between the valve and the aorta itself called the Sinus. Sinus is important in helping valves to close when they need to close.

Answer 35

Aortic Valve

Question 36

When blood is ejected from the ventricles, Semilunar valves are opened. Blood encounters vascular resistance, causing it to rebound, sending blood back into the semilunar valve sinuses. Valves close due to the rebound, causing blood to go forward again after “bouncing” off of the semilunar valves.

Sinus is what causes the valve to close, giving blood something to bounce off of and go forward again.

Answer 36

Dynamics of Blood Flow and Semilunar Valve closure