Heart and Great Vessels pt. 1 Flashcards
-Forms the lateral boundary for the heart.
-Fibrous pericardium (outer layer) blends with parietal pleura of the lungs to form this
Mediastinal Pleura
-Forms the posterior boundary of the heart.
-Enlarged heart = difficult swallowing
Esophagus
Forms the superior border of the heart.
Tracheal Bifurcation into 2 mainstem bronchi
Forms the inferior border of the heart. The heart rests on this.
Diaphragm
Where the great vessels come off of the heart. Occurs at about the 2nd costal cartilage.
Base of the heart
Occurs slightly beyond the edge of the right sternal border. 1-2 inches beyond the right sternal border
Right Margin of the Heart
Occurs at the intersection of the Left Midclavicular Line and the 5th ICS
Apex of the heart
The most anterior chamber of the heart
Right Ventricle
-Thought to release a hormone that regulates body fluids. Tends to limit the amount of expansion the RA can have. Takes compression off of the RA.
Right Auricular Appendage
A depression between the Right Atrium and the Right ventricle
Coronary Sulcus
A depression between the right ventricle and the left ventricle
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
The most posterior chamber of the heart.
-Has the termination of the pulmonary veins
Left Atrium
Normally have 2 on each side (Superior and Inferior), but sometimes, can have a Left Accessory ________ ______.
Pulmonary Veins
Found in the posterior wall of the Right Atrium. A small nodule that consists of cardiac muscle and acts like a pacemaker cell
Sino-atrial Node
Connected to the SA Node by Internodal Pathways. Pacemaker cell that depolarizes at a slower rate than the SA Node.
-Sends impulse to the Bundle of His (R and L)
AV Node
After passing the interventricular septum, impulse travels on the left to the Anterior & Posterior ______ _____, and on the right to the Right _____ _______.
Bundle Branch
Then the ventricular system terminates in these projections off of the Bundle Branches.
-Innervate the cardiac muscle to depolarize and contract.
Purkinje Fibers
Runs from the interventricular septum to the right bundle branch.
-Ends in the papillary muscles
-Collection of muscle fibers that conducts the right bundle branch. RBB runs within this cluster of muscle
-May prevent overdistention of the RV
Moderator Band (Septomarginal Fasciculus)
The smooth surface of the right atrium.
-Posteromedial Wall
-Contains the Fossa Ovalis
Interatrial Septum
The portion of the right atrium that contains muscle fibers.
-Anterolateral wall
-Function is to prevent over-distention of the heart. Can only fill so much before the heart contracts.
Musculi Pectinati
Separates the smooth wall (Interatrial Septum) from the rough wall (Musculi Pectinati) in the right atrium.
-A ridge that isolates the anterolateral wall (Musculi pectinati) from the posteromedial wall (Interatrial Septum)
Crista Terminalis
-On oval-shaped thumbprint in the Interatrial septum.
-Has a raised border around it called the Limbus of the _____ _____.
-In utero, a right to left shunt was used to skip the lungs. Once the baby is born, blood goes through the lungs, and the hole closes over about 2 weeks. If remains patent, and above a certain size, will need repair as it continues bypassing the lungs.
Fossa Ovalis (before birth is the Foramen Ovale)
Found in the right atrium to the left of the Fossa Ovalis.
-Brings blood back into the RA to be recycled.
-Has a tissue flap called the Thebesian Valve (a one-way valve that keeps blood from going backwards). When the heart is full, the Thebesian Valve closes.
Coronary Sinus Opening
Found in the floor of the Right Atrium.
-Has the Eustachian Valve (a one-way valve that closes to prevent the backflow of blood)
IVC Opening
Muscle with strings (Chordae Tendineae) off of it that attach to each cusp of the valve.
Papillary Muscle
Rough tissue, muscle bands located within the ventricle.
-Function is to prevent overdistention of the heart when it fills up with blood.
Trabeculae Carneae
Found over the RV, the beginning of the Pulmonary Trunk (outside)
Conus Arteriosus
Found in the RV, marks the beginning of the Pulmonary Trunk (inside)
Supraventricular Crest
In this chamber, the musculi pectinati are found really only in the Left Auricular Appendage (risk for patients with afib of clot formation here)
-The actual chamber itself is very smooth
Left Atrium
When the muscles contract, these force the valve into a closed position, limiting the amount of closure you get so that you don’t get inversion of the valve and regurgitation.
-Prevents inversion into the atrium and regurgitation
Chordae Tendineae
Has 3 Leaflets: Anterior, Posterior, and Septal (Medial)
Tricuspid Valve
Has 2 leaflets: Anterior and Posterior
Bicuspid Valve
Has 3 leaflets: Left, Right, and Anterior
Pulmonic Valve
Has 3 leaflets: Left, Right, and Posterior
Aortic Valve
Leaflets hang off of the aorta.
-Has a thin edge called the Lunula, which has a bump in the middle called the Nodule. Nodule gives you balance to the valve and helps it open/close better.
-Has a space between the valve and the aorta itself called the Sinus. Sinus is important in helping valves to close when they need to close.
Aortic Valve
When blood is ejected from the ventricles, Semilunar valves are opened. Blood encounters vascular resistance, causing it to rebound, sending blood back into the semilunar valve sinuses. Valves close due to the rebound, causing blood to go forward again after “bouncing” off of the semilunar valves.
Sinus is what causes the valve to close, giving blood something to bounce off of and go forward again.
Dynamics of Blood Flow and Semilunar Valve closure
