Abdomen pt. 1

Question 1

Muscle that forms the lateral aspect of the Posterior Abdominal Wall.
-Iliac Crest to the 12th rib
-Innervated by T12 , L1-L4

Answer 1

Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

Question 2

Skinny muscle, mostly tendinous, attaches into the pelvis. About 33% of the population doesn’t have one.

Answer 2

Psoas Minor Muscle

Question 3

Occupies the fossa on the pelvic bone. Runs deep (with the Psoas Major m.) under the Inguinal Ligament, and attaches to the Lesser trochanter of the Femur as a combined muscle with the Psoas Major m.
-Produces strong flexion of the hip
-Innervated by the Femoral Nerve

Answer 3

Iliacus Muscle

Question 4

What is the innervation for the Psoas Major Muscle?

Answer 4

L2-L4 (Lumbar Plexus)

Question 5

Nerve that lies just underneath the 12th rib.
-T12

Answer 5

Subcostal Nerve

Question 6

L1 VPR splits into the ______ and the _____ nerves.
-Responsible for muscles and sensation in the abdomen

Answer 6

Iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 7

A big muscle that covers the side and front of the abdomen, ending in an aponeurosis with itself on the other side.
-Fibers run down and towards the front (hands in pockets).

Answer 7

External Abdominal Oblique Muscle

Question 8

Runs deep to the External Abdominal Oblique m. Fibers go at a perpendicular angle to EAO.
-Fibers run down and backwards towards the posterior side.
-Ends anteriorly as an aponeurosis with itself on the other side

Answer 8

Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle

Question 9

Fibers run horizontally across the abdomen.
-Deepest
-Ends anteriorly as an aponeurosis with itself on the other side

Answer 9

Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Question 10

Muscle running from the xiphoid process & thoracic region and attaches to the pubic region.
-Has Tendinous Inscriptions, which take one muscle and creates a bunch of little muscles, giving them more pulling power.

Answer 10

Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Question 11

Innervation for the Internal Abdominal Oblique Muscle and the Transversus Abdominis Muscle.

Answer 11

-Iliohypogastric nerve
-Ilioinguinal nerve
-Subcostal Nerves
-The lower 5 Intercostal Nerves

Question 12

Innervation to the External Abdominal Oblique Muscle

Answer 12

-Subcostal Nerves
-The lower 5 Intercostal Nerves

Question 13

Innervation to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle

Answer 13

The lower 5 Intercostal Nerves

Question 14

Provides sensory innervation to the lateral gluteal region (hips), and abdomen between the umbilicus and the pubic bone.

Answer 14

Iliohypogastric

Question 15

Provides sensory innervation to the inguinal region (groin), male/female genitalia, and the upper anterior & medial side of thigh

Answer 15

Ilioinguinal Nerve

Question 16

Swoops around from the back, across the Iliacus Muscle.
-Supplies sensation to the lateral aspect of the thigh

Answer 16

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2-L3)

Question 17

Nerve that runs over the Psoas Major m.
-From L1-L2
-Has a genital (medial) and femoral (anterior) branches

Answer 17

Genitofemoral Nerve

Question 18

Innervates the Quadriceps muscles, ex: Sartorius.
-Medial to it is the Psoas Major m.
-L2-L4

Answer 18

Femoral Nerve

Question 19

Nerve lying medial to the Psoas Major m.
-Innervates the Medial Muscles of the thigh (adduct the thigh)
-L2-L4

Answer 19

Obturator Nerve

Question 20

Biggest nerve in the body
-L4-S3

Answer 20

Sciatic Nerve

Question 21

-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies most of the blood supply to the diaphragm.
-Paired (right and left)

Answer 21

Inferior Phrenic Arteries

Question 22

-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies blood to the upper 1/3 of the abdominal cavity, below the diaphragm.
-Lots of branches

Answer 22

Celiac Trunk (unpaired)

Question 23

-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies the middle portion (1/3) of the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm

Answer 23

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 24

-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies the lower portion (1/3) of the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm

Answer 24

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Question 25

-4 come directly off of the Abdominal Aorta and supply the posterior abdominal wall
-1 comes off where the Abdominal Aorta splits into two branches, and one hangs down called the Middle Sacral Artery. The 5th LA comes off of the Middle Sacral Artery

Answer 25

Lumbar Arteries

Question 26

-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supply blood to the kidneys
-Left is slightly higher than the right

Answer 26

Renal Arteries

Question 27

-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Long arteries that come off way up, just below the renal arteries and stream down into the pelvis.
-Blood supply to the ovaries/testicles

Answer 27

Gonadal Arteries

Question 28

Abdominal Aorta splits into these (R and L)
-Branch into Internal and External
-Ureters cross this at the point where it splits into Internal and External

Answer 28

Common Iliac Arteries

Question 29

Runs parallel with the Gonadal Artery, and about halfway down, they cross each other. Gonadal goes and lies laterally, and this stays medial.
-Crosses the Common Iliac Artery at the point where it branches into Internal and External

Answer 29

Ureter

Question 30

Runs right beside the Abdominal Aorta
-Thin walled
-Formed by the Common Iliac Veins (run with the Common Iliac Arteries)
-Continues up abdominal cavity, passes the diaphragm, and terminates in the right atrium

Answer 30

Inferior Vena Cava

Question 31

Left ________ passes in front of the Abdominal Aorta

Answer 31

Renal Vein

Question 32

This crosses over the Left Renal Vein. Adhesions of any kind or any rearrangement of the structures can result in this clamping off the L Renal Vein, so blood can’t exit the kidney, and blood backs up into the abdominal cavity (ascites).

Answer 32

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 33

Drains into the IVC

Answer 33

Right Gonadal Vein

Question 34

Drains into the Left Renal Vein

Answer 34

Left Gonadal Vein

Question 35

Very superficial, just deep to epidermal layer of skin is a big collection of fat. Heavy in lower abdomen.

Answer 35

Camper’s Fascia

Question 36

Reflect Camper’s Fascia up to see this.
-Deeper
-Like frost on a windshield

Answer 36

Scarpa’s Fascia

Question 37

A covering formed by the aponeuroses of the External, Internal Abdominal Obliques and the Transversus Abdominis muscles.
-Only over the Rectus Abdominis Muscle. Past this is the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
-In the midline, these come together to make the Linea Alba.

Answer 37

Rectus Sheath

Question 38

Found deep to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle.
-Runs on the posterior side of the muscle
-Branch of the Internal Thoracic Artery
-Anastomosis with the Inferior Epigastric Artery

Answer 38

Superior Epigastric Artery

Question 39

Found deep to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle.
-Runs on the posterior side of the muscle
-Branch of the External Iliac Artery
-Anastomosis with the Superior Epigastric Artery

Answer 39

Inferior Epigastric Artery