Abdomen pt. 1 Flashcards
Muscle that forms the lateral aspect of the Posterior Abdominal Wall.
-Iliac Crest to the 12th rib
-Innervated by T12 , L1-L4
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle
Skinny muscle, mostly tendinous, attaches into the pelvis. About 33% of the population doesn’t have one.
Psoas Minor Muscle
Occupies the fossa on the pelvic bone. Runs deep (with the Psoas Major m.) under the Inguinal Ligament, and attaches to the Lesser trochanter of the Femur as a combined muscle with the Psoas Major m.
-Produces strong flexion of the hip
-Innervated by the Femoral Nerve
Iliacus Muscle
What is the innervation for the Psoas Major Muscle?
L2-L4 (Lumbar Plexus)
Nerve that lies just underneath the 12th rib.
-T12
Subcostal Nerve
L1 VPR splits into the ______ and the _____ nerves.
-Responsible for muscles and sensation in the abdomen
Iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
A big muscle that covers the side and front of the abdomen, ending in an aponeurosis with itself on the other side.
-Fibers run down and towards the front (hands in pockets).
External Abdominal Oblique Muscle
Runs deep to the External Abdominal Oblique m. Fibers go at a perpendicular angle to EAO.
-Fibers run down and backwards towards the posterior side.
-Ends anteriorly as an aponeurosis with itself on the other side
Internal Abdominal Oblique muscle
Fibers run horizontally across the abdomen.
-Deepest
-Ends anteriorly as an aponeurosis with itself on the other side
Transversus Abdominis Muscle
Muscle running from the xiphoid process & thoracic region and attaches to the pubic region.
-Has Tendinous Inscriptions, which take one muscle and creates a bunch of little muscles, giving them more pulling power.
Rectus Abdominis Muscle
Innervation for the Internal Abdominal Oblique Muscle and the Transversus Abdominis Muscle.
-Iliohypogastric nerve
-Ilioinguinal nerve
-Subcostal Nerves
-The lower 5 Intercostal Nerves
Innervation to the External Abdominal Oblique Muscle
-Subcostal Nerves
-The lower 5 Intercostal Nerves
Innervation to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle
The lower 5 Intercostal Nerves
Provides sensory innervation to the lateral gluteal region (hips), and abdomen between the umbilicus and the pubic bone.
Iliohypogastric
Provides sensory innervation to the inguinal region (groin), male/female genitalia, and the upper anterior & medial side of thigh
Ilioinguinal Nerve
Swoops around from the back, across the Iliacus Muscle.
-Supplies sensation to the lateral aspect of the thigh
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (L2-L3)
Nerve that runs over the Psoas Major m.
-From L1-L2
-Has a genital (medial) and femoral (anterior) branches
Genitofemoral Nerve
Innervates the Quadriceps muscles, ex: Sartorius.
-Medial to it is the Psoas Major m.
-L2-L4
Femoral Nerve
Nerve lying medial to the Psoas Major m.
-Innervates the Medial Muscles of the thigh (adduct the thigh)
-L2-L4
Obturator Nerve
Biggest nerve in the body
-L4-S3
Sciatic Nerve
-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies most of the blood supply to the diaphragm.
-Paired (right and left)
Inferior Phrenic Arteries
-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies blood to the upper 1/3 of the abdominal cavity, below the diaphragm.
-Lots of branches
Celiac Trunk (unpaired)
-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies the middle portion (1/3) of the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm
Superior Mesenteric Artery
-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supplies the lower portion (1/3) of the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
-4 come directly off of the Abdominal Aorta and supply the posterior abdominal wall
-1 comes off where the Abdominal Aorta splits into two branches, and one hangs down called the Middle Sacral Artery. The 5th LA comes off of the Middle Sacral Artery
Lumbar Arteries
-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Supply blood to the kidneys
-Left is slightly higher than the right
Renal Arteries
-A branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
-Long arteries that come off way up, just below the renal arteries and stream down into the pelvis.
-Blood supply to the ovaries/testicles
Gonadal Arteries
Abdominal Aorta splits into these (R and L)
-Branch into Internal and External
-Ureters cross this at the point where it splits into Internal and External
Common Iliac Arteries
Runs parallel with the Gonadal Artery, and about halfway down, they cross each other. Gonadal goes and lies laterally, and this stays medial.
-Crosses the Common Iliac Artery at the point where it branches into Internal and External
Ureter
Runs right beside the Abdominal Aorta
-Thin walled
-Formed by the Common Iliac Veins (run with the Common Iliac Arteries)
-Continues up abdominal cavity, passes the diaphragm, and terminates in the right atrium
Inferior Vena Cava
Left ________ passes in front of the Abdominal Aorta
Renal Vein
This crosses over the Left Renal Vein. Adhesions of any kind or any rearrangement of the structures can result in this clamping off the L Renal Vein, so blood can’t exit the kidney, and blood backs up into the abdominal cavity (ascites).
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Drains into the IVC
Right Gonadal Vein
Drains into the Left Renal Vein
Left Gonadal Vein
Very superficial, just deep to epidermal layer of skin is a big collection of fat. Heavy in lower abdomen.
Camper’s Fascia
Reflect Camper’s Fascia up to see this.
-Deeper
-Like frost on a windshield
Scarpa’s Fascia
A covering formed by the aponeuroses of the External, Internal Abdominal Obliques and the Transversus Abdominis muscles.
-Only over the Rectus Abdominis Muscle. Past this is the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique
-In the midline, these come together to make the Linea Alba.
Rectus Sheath
Found deep to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle.
-Runs on the posterior side of the muscle
-Branch of the Internal Thoracic Artery
-Anastomosis with the Inferior Epigastric Artery
Superior Epigastric Artery
Found deep to the Rectus Abdominis Muscle.
-Runs on the posterior side of the muscle
-Branch of the External Iliac Artery
-Anastomosis with the Superior Epigastric Artery
Inferior Epigastric Artery
