Heart and control of the heart rate Flashcards
1
Q
Atria
A
- Thin walls - large amounts of elastic tissue
- Stretches when filled with blood
- Pressure increases in chamber = atrioventricular valves forced open
2
Q
Ventricles
A
- Thicker muscular walls - contract strongly to pump blood long distance
- Fill with blood = pressure increases forcing atrioventricular valves to close and semilunar valves to open
3
Q
Valves
A
- Prevent backflow of blood - one direction
4
Q
Types of valves
A
- Atrioventricular valves
- Semi-lunar valves
5
Q
Atrioventricular valves
A
- Between atria and ventricles
- Close when pressure in ventricle exceeds pressure in atria
6
Q
Semi-lunar valves
A
- In aorta and pulmonary artery (between ventricles and arteries)
- Close when pressure in arteries exceed pressure in ventricles
7
Q
Left atrioventricular valve
A
- Bicuspid valve
8
Q
Right atrioventricular valve
A
- Tricuspid valve
9
Q
Left semi-lunar valve
A
- Aortic valve
10
Q
Right semi-lunar valve
A
- Pulmonary valve
11
Q
Cardiac muscle
A
- Myogenic
- Contraction is initiated from within the muscle (NOT IMPULSE)
12
Q
SAN
A
- Sinoatrial node - wall of right atrium
- Initial stimulus for contraction of the atria - origin
- Pacemaker - basic rhythm of stimulation
13
Q
The SAN
A
- Wave of electrical activity spreads out across the atria = contract
- Atrioventricular septum (tissue between A and V) - stops the wave from crossing the ventricles
= non-conductive - Wave passes to AVN
14
Q
The AVN
A
- Between atria
- Stimulus from SAN - short delay - sends wave of electrical activity between ventricles along special muscle fibres
- Purkyne fibres = Bundles of his
15
Q
Bundle of His
A
- Conducts the wave - atrioventricular septum to the base of the ventricles = branches out into smaller Purkyne tissue
- Wave released = ventricles contract quickly from apex of heart upwards