Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and Type 2

Question 1

Sugar diabetes

Answer 1

• An inability to regulate blood glucose levels

Question 2

Type 1 sugar diabetes

Answer 2

• Insulin-dependent
• Body is unable to produce insulin
• Childhood - develops quickly (weeks)
• Obvious signs and symptoms
• Maybe the result of an autoimmune response

Question 3

Signs and symptoms

Answer 3

• High blood glucose levels
• Glucose in urine
• Need to urinate more often
• Genital itching
• Weight loss
• Blurred vision
• Tiredness
• Increased hunger and thirst

Question 4

Treatment of type 1

Answer 4

• Controlled of insulin injections - if tablet it would be digested by protease
• Dose must match glucose intake
• Biosensors - monitor blood glucose levels - something in the body which triggers the response (chemoreceptors)
• Carbs and exercise levels controlled

Question 5

Why is it necessary to monitor exercise levels?

Answer 5

• When exercising, more glucose is used up in respiration to produce ATP which supports muscle contraction
• More sugar - more exercise

Question 6

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

• Insulin-dependent
• Insulin receptors on target cells are lost or unresponsive
• Inadequate supply of insulin secreted
• Develops in over 40s
• Linked to obesity and poor diet - develops slowly
• Symptoms less severe and can go unnoticed

Question 7

Treatment of type 2

Answer 7

• Regulating dietry intake of carbs with consideration of the level of activity of the person
• Insulin injections, tablets to stimulate the secretion of insulin or tablets that slow down the bodies absorption of glucose in the intestine

Question 8

Hyperglycaemic

Answer 8

• Too much sugar

Question 9

Hypoglycaemic

Answer 9

• Too little sugar