Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Body Systems > Heart Anatomy - Lecture 7 > Flashcards

Heart Anatomy - Lecture 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart and where is it located?

A

○ Cone-shaped, muscular pump
○ Protected by the ribs and sternum
Location:
○ In the thorax between the lungs
○ Lies between ribs 2-5 to the left of the midline
○ Apex lies in the 5th intercoastal space in the midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Composed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium

A

○ Inelastic, made of dense connective tissue
○ Fuses with the diaphragm inferiorly and superiorly with the great vessels
○ Prevents overfilling of the heart and anchors it in position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is serous pericardium?

A

○ Double layered serous membrane - made up of parietal and visceral layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the parietal layer?

A

Lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the visceral layer?

A

○ Epicardium
○ Adheres to the surface of the heart
○ Vessels run through this layer
○ Varying amounts of fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the pericardial cavity?

A

○ Potential space between parietal and visceral layers
○ Contains pericardial fluid
○ Prevents friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

○ Endocardium: inner layer - endothelium
○ Myocardium: middle layer - cardiac muscle
○ Epicardium: outer layer - visceral pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the great vessels in the right atrium?

A

○ Superior vena cava - carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body
○ Inferior vena cava - carries deoxygenated blood from the lower limbs and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the great vessels in the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary veins - carries oxygenated blood from the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the great vessels in the right ventricle?

A

○ Pulmonary trunk - carries deoxygenated blood towards the lungs
○ Pulmonary arteries - divisions of the pulmonary trunk and carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the great vessels in the left ventricle?

A

Aorta - carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is trabeculae carnae?

A

○ Found in the ventricles
○ Meaty ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are pectinate muscles?

A

○ Found in the atria
○ Smaller ridges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

○ Composed of bands of fibrous connective tissue between the atria and ventricles
○ Electrically separates the atria from the ventricles
○ Encircles the pulmonary trunk and aorta
○ Heart valves are suspended from it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the heart valves?

A

Prevent backflow of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two types of heart valves?

A

○ Atrioventricular (AV) valves
○ Semilunar valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two AV valves and where are they located?

A

○ Tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and right ventricle
○ Bicuspid/mitral valve - located between the left atrium and left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two semilunar valves and where are they located?

A

○ Pulmonary valve - located between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
○ Aortic valve - located between the left ventricle and aorta

20
Q

How are the AV valves opened?

A

Opened by blood flowing from the atria to the ventricles

21
Q

How are the AV valves anchored?

A

Anchored by chordae tendinae to papillary muscles

22
Q

What is the function of the papillary muscles?

A

○ Prevents eversion of valves
○ Prevents backflow of blood into the atria

23
Q

When are the AV valves open?

A

When ventricular pressure is less than atrial pressure

24
Q

When are AV valves closed?

A

When ventricular pressure is greater than atrial pressure

25
Q

How are the semilunar valves opened?

A

Opened by the force of blood as the ventricles contract

26
Q

How are the semilunar valves closed?

A

○ Blood flows backwards in the aorta and pulmonary trunk during ventricular relaxation
○ Blood pools in the cusps pushing the valves shut
○ This prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles

27
Q

What is coronary circulation?

A

The coronary circulation is the system of vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood

28
Q

How much blood does the heart receive per minute?

A

The heart receives 250ml/min of blood

29
Q

When is blood delivered to the myocardium?

A

During ventricular relaxation

30
Q

Name the two main coronary arteries

A

○ Left coronary artery
○ Right coronary artery

31
Q

What are the branches of the LCA?

A

○ Anterior interventricular
○ Circumflex

32
Q

What are the branches of the RCA?

A

○ Marginal artery
○ Posterior interventricular

33
Q

Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?

A

The great, middle and small cardiac veins

34
Q

Where does the coronary sinus empty into?

A

Right atrium

35
Q

Which veins drain directly into the right atrium?

A

Anterior cardiac veins

36
Q

What is angiography used for?

A

Angiography is used to examine the patency (openess) of the coronary vessels

37
Q

What is the cardiac conducting system?

A

Network of non-contractile cells that initiate electrical impulses that coordinate effective heart contraction

38
Q

What are the key components of the cardiac conducting system?

A

○ Sinoatrial (SA) node
○ Atrioventricular (AV) node
○ AV bundle (bundle of His)
○ Right & left bundle branches
○ Purkinje fibres

39
Q

Why is foetal circulation different from normal circulation?

A

○ Receives oxygen and nutrients from the placenta via the umbilical vein
○ It needs to bypass the non-functional lungs

40
Q

What are the three circulatory shortcuts in foetal circulation?

A

○ Foramen ovale.
○ Ductus arteriosus.
○ Ductus venosus

41
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovale?

A

○ Connects the right and left atria
○ Bypasses the right ventricle and pulmonary system

42
Q

What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?

A

○ Connects the pulmonary trunk to the arch of the aorta
○ Bypasses pulmonary system and left side of the heart

43
Q

What is the function of the ductus venosus?

A

○ Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
○ Bypasses the liver

44
Q

What happens to the foetal circulation at birth?

A

○ Lungs expand -> blood rushes into the pulmonary circulation -> O2 levels rise -> ductus arteriosus constricts
○ Left atrial pressure increases -> foramen ovale closes
○ The umbilical cord is tied -> umbilical vessels close ->
ductus venosus fibroses

45
Q

What are the adult remnants of foetal structures?

A

○ Ductus venosus -> ligamentum venosum
○ Foramen ovale -> fossa ovalis
○ Ductus arteriosus -> ligamentum arteriosum

Body Systems (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions