Heart Flashcards
What makes up the cardiovascular system
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body
Heart
Two types of circulation
Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back to the left side of heart through vessels
Pulmonary circulation
Left side of the heart pumps blood to all the tissues in the body
Systemic circulation
Blunt, rounded point of the heart
Apex
Larger, flat part of the opposite end
Base
The heart is located in the ____ cavity
Thoracic cavity
Surrounding cavity of the heart
Pericardial cavity
Records the electrical signals in the heart
ECG
What are the four chambers
Left and right atria
Left and right ventricle
How many liters fo blood pumps
5 liters per minute
Emergency procedure that maintains blood flow in the body if a person’s heart stops
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
What consists of a heart
Pericardium
Coronary arteries
Chambers
Valves
Entrance chamber
Atria
Functions primarily as a resoirvoir
Atria
Receives blood from the major openings
Right atrium
Three major openings
Superior and inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Drain blood from the most of the body
Superior and inferior vena cava
Drains blood from the heart muscle
Coronary sinus
Receives blood through the four pulmonary veins, which drains blood from the lungs
Left atrium
Separator of the two atria
Interatrial septum
Separates the two ventricles
Interventrial septum
Major pumping chambers as they eject blood into the arteries
Ventricles
Pumps blood into pulmonary trunk for pulmonary circulation
Right ventricle
Pumps blood into aorta for systemic circulation
Left ventricle
Muscle that separates two ventricles
Interventricular septum
Muscle that separates two ventricles
Interventricular septum
Maintain the one way flow of blood
Heart valves
Coned shaped muscles pillars in esch ventricle
Papillary muscles
Thin, strong connective tissue strings
Chordae tendinae
Fibrous strings that surrounds atrioventicular valves (av) and semilunar valves (sl)
Cardiac skeleton or fibrous skeleton
Av valve between the right atrium and left ventricle has three cusps
Tricuspid valves
Av valve between the right ventricles and right left has two cusps
Bicuspid valves
Supply blood to the wall of heart
Coronary arteries
Drain blood from cardiac muscle
Coronary veins
Three layers of heart wall
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
A thin, serous membrane forming the smooth outer surface
Epicardium
Thick middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cells
Myocardium
Responsible for contraction of the heart chambers
Myocardium
Smooth inner surface
Endocardium
It is rich in mitochondria
Cardiac muscle cells
Responsible for muscle contraction
Actin and myosin filaments
K channels open and Ca2 channels close
Repolarization
Na and Ca2 channels open
Depolarization
A record of electrical events within the heart
Electrocardiogram / ECG
The repetitive pumping process
Cardiac cycl3
Contraction is
Systole
Relaxation is
Diastole
It can be best heard with the use of stethoscope
Heart sounds
Two main heart sounds
Lubb
Dupp
Lower pitch first sound
Lubb
Second pitch sound of heart
Dupp
Occurs at the beginning of ventricular systole and results from “close of av/atrioventricular valves”
Lubb
Occurs at the beginning of ventricular diastole and results from “closure of semilunar valves”
Dupp
Abnormal heart sounds
Murmurs
Normal heart rate
72 beats per minute
Inflammation of pericardium
Pericarditis
Pain in the area of chest cause by lack of blood supply
Angina pectoris
Weakening of heart muscle making it not capable of pumping all the blood that is returned to it
Heart failure
An abnormally high systemic blood pressure
Hypertension
Formation of blood clot in a coronary artery
Coronary thrombosis
A picture of blood vessel injected with dye that can be detected by xray
Angiogram
Prevent clot formation
Anticoagulants
Placed beneath the skin that is equipped with an electrode which provides an electrical stimulus to the heart
Artificial Pacemaker
