Heart

Question 1

Which chamber receives blood?

Answer 1

atria

Question 2

which chamber eject blood?

Answer 2

ventricles

Question 3

which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood, what structures?

Answer 3

right side (right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery

Question 4

which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood, what structures?

Answer 4

left side, (left ventricle, mitral valve, left atrium, aorta, aortic valve

Question 5

which circuit pumps to and from the lungs?

Answer 5

pulmonary circuit

Question 6

which circuit pumps blood to and from the body?

Answer 6

systemic circuit

Question 7

which circuit pumps to and from the heart?

Answer 7

coronary circuit

Question 8

The heart is surrounded by a structure called the?

Answer 8

pericardial sac

Question 9

what does the pericardial sac do?

Answer 9

minimize the friction as the heart expands and contract

Question 10

What is the pericardial sac fused to?

Answer 10

the superior surface of the diaphragm

Question 11

What pericardium is fused to the heart?

Answer 11

visceral pericardium

Question 12

what pericardium is reinforced by dense connective tissue?

Answer 12

fibrous pericardium

Question 13

what is the outer layer of the pericardium?

Answer 13

parietal pericardium

Question 14

In what order is the pericardium of the heart? starting from inner to outer

Answer 14

visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium

fibrous pericardium

Question 15

What happens when fluid accumulates and the fibrous pericardium limits expansion?

Answer 15

strangulation of the heart (cardiac tamponade)

Question 16

What nerve innervates the diaphragm? what does it cause?

Answer 16

phrenic nerve

causes contraction of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm

Question 17

where does the phrenic nerve originate?

Answer 17

the phrenic nerve originates from cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, C5

Question 18

what type of fiber innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 18

somatomotor

Question 19

what is the flow of blood through the heart?

Answer 19

have blood coming from the superior vena cava to the right atrium then to the right ventricle. From the right ventricle blood goes to the (pulmonary artery) pulmonary trunk to be oxygenized in the lung. it will return via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium, left ventricle and out the aorta for systemic distribution

Question 20

what is the most anterior part of the heart?

Answer 20

right ventricle

Question 21

what is the most posterior part of the heart?

Answer 21

left atrium

Question 22

what brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

Answer 22

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 23

How many pulmonary veins return blood into the left atrium?

Answer 23

four

Question 24

where would you find the fossa ovalis? What is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 24

right atrium

the fossa ovalis is an adult remnant of the foramen oval that allowed for fetal circulation

Question 25

which valve would you get to see little bit of in the right atrium?

Answer 25

tricuspid valve

Question 26

What did the fossa ovalis allow?

Answer 26

blood from from the right atrium directly to the left atrium bypassing pulmonary circulation

Question 27

semilunar valves include?

Answer 27

pulmonic and aortic valves

Question 28

atrioventricular valves include?

Answer 28

tricuspid | bicuspid/mitrial

Question 29

which valves are attached to papillary muscles and chord tendinae?

Answer 29

atrioventricular valves | tricuspid, bicuspid/mitrial

Question 30

the tricuspid valves are on what side?

Answer 30

right

Question 31

the bicuspid valves are on what side?

Answer 31

left

Question 32

circulation through the heart including valves?

Answer 32

right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle- pulmonic valve-pulmonary arteries- pulmonary veins- left atrium- mitrial valve- left ventricle- aortic valve- aorta

Question 33

when blood is flowing through the atria (atrial contraction) and the ventricles are relaxed which valves are open?

Answer 33

AV valves

Question 34

when ventricles contract which valves are closed?

Answer 34

AV valves

Question 35

When ventricles contract which valves are open?

Answer 35

semilunar valves

Question 36

ventricles are relaxed, which valves are closed?

Answer 36

semilunar valves

Question 37

Aortic semilunar valves have opening to?

Answer 37

the right and left coronary arteries

Question 38

ventricular contraction is known as?

Answer 38

systlole

Question 39

ventricular relaxation is known as?

Answer 39

diastole

Question 40

what is the "lub" sound?

Answer 40

when ventricle contract the atrioventricular valves close

Question 41

what is the "dub" sound?

Answer 41

when ventricles relax and the semilunar valves close "dub"

Question 42

a valve not working well would produce a?

Answer 42

murmur

Question 43

sympathetic innervation of the heart does what?

Answer 43

increase heart rate

Question 44

parasympathetic innervation of the heart arises from which nerve?

Answer 44

vagus nerve

Question 45

parasympathetic innervation of the heart does what?

Answer 45

decrease heart rate

Question 46

viscerosensory fibers will travel with?

Answer 46

both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to get feedback of what's happening in the heart

Question 47

Pain fibers that travel from the heart to the CNS travel with?

Answer 47

sympathetics

Question 48

what is the first branch of the aorta

Answer 48

coronary arteries

Question 49

what do the coronary arteries supply?

Answer 49

they supply the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients

Question 50

what are the two main terminal branches of the left coronary artery? What do they supply?

Answer 50

circumflex artery(supplies the left atrium and left ventricle) and the left anterior descending artery (supplies the left and right ventricles and the anterior region of the muscular inter ventricular septum)

Question 51

What are the two main terminal branches of the right coronary artery? what do they supply?

Answer 51

right marginal artery(supplies the right ventricle) and posterior inter ventricular artery (supplies the right and left ventricles and the posterior portion of the inter ventricular septum)

Question 52

the right coronary artery lies in the?

Answer 52

coronary sulcus

Question 53

What is the function of the veins on the heart

Answer 53

return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 54

which vein travels along the left coronary artery (LAD and circumflex artery)

Answer 54

great cardiac vein

Question 55

which vein is between the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart

Answer 55

middle cardiac vein

Question 56

which vein runs along the right marginal artery of the heart?

Answer 56

small cardiac vein

Question 57

All veins drain into? why?

Answer 57

the coronary sinus | to deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 58

what veins runs with the marginal artery

Answer 58

small cardiac vein

Question 59

what vein runs with the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 59

middle cardiac vein

Question 60

What is the hardening of arteries referred to?

Answer 60

atherosclerosis

Question 61

What does atherosclerosis affect?

Answer 61

the coronary arteries

Question 62

how is atherosclerosis formed?

Answer 62

fats accumulate in the wall of the vessel and obstruct the lumen

Question 63

what can atherosclerosis lead to?

Answer 63

myocardial infarction

Question 64

myocardial infarction symptoms often include

Answer 64

chest pain and referred pain

Question 65

what is a coronary artery bypass?

Answer 65

take a blood vessel from a different part of the body and use it as a detour or bypass across the obstructed artery

Question 66

Describe an angioplasty

Answer 66

the provider would thread a catheter in to the area of obstruction and inflate a balloon which squeezes the plaque against the wall reestablishing blood flow. Some cases a stent is placed to keep the vessel open

Question 67

due to convergence of sensory information from the skin and an internal organ to the same cell in the CNS. Pain in the organ is perceived as originating in the skin.

Answer 67

Referred pain