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Anatomy Unit One > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Which chamber receives blood?

A

atria

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2
Q

which chamber eject blood?

A

ventricles

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3
Q

which side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood, what structures?

A

right side (right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery

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4
Q

which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood, what structures?

A

left side, (left ventricle, mitral valve, left atrium, aorta, aortic valve

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5
Q

which circuit pumps to and from the lungs?

A

pulmonary circuit

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6
Q

which circuit pumps blood to and from the body?

A

systemic circuit

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7
Q

which circuit pumps to and from the heart?

A

coronary circuit

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8
Q

The heart is surrounded by a structure called the?

A

pericardial sac

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9
Q

what does the pericardial sac do?

A

minimize the friction as the heart expands and contract

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10
Q

What is the pericardial sac fused to?

A

the superior surface of the diaphragm

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11
Q

What pericardium is fused to the heart?

A

visceral pericardium

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12
Q

what pericardium is reinforced by dense connective tissue?

A

fibrous pericardium

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13
Q

what is the outer layer of the pericardium?

A

parietal pericardium

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14
Q

In what order is the pericardium of the heart? starting from inner to outer

A

visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium

fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

What happens when fluid accumulates and the fibrous pericardium limits expansion?

A

strangulation of the heart (cardiac tamponade)

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm? what does it cause?

A

phrenic nerve

causes contraction of the thoracoabdominal diaphragm

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17
Q

where does the phrenic nerve originate?

A

the phrenic nerve originates from cervical spinal nerves C3, C4, C5

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18
Q

what type of fiber innervates the diaphragm?

A

somatomotor

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19
Q

what is the flow of blood through the heart?

A

have blood coming from the superior vena cava to the right atrium then to the right ventricle. From the right ventricle blood goes to the (pulmonary artery) pulmonary trunk to be oxygenized in the lung. it will return via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium, left ventricle and out the aorta for systemic distribution

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20
Q

what is the most anterior part of the heart?

A

right ventricle

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21
Q

what is the most posterior part of the heart?

A

left atrium

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22
Q

what brings deoxygenated blood into the right atrium?

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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23
Q

How many pulmonary veins return blood into the left atrium?

A

four

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24
Q

where would you find the fossa ovalis? What is the fossa ovalis?

A

right atrium

the fossa ovalis is an adult remnant of the foramen oval that allowed for fetal circulation

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25
Q

which valve would you get to see little bit of in the right atrium?

A

tricuspid valve

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26
Q

What did the fossa ovalis allow?

A

blood from from the right atrium directly to the left atrium bypassing pulmonary circulation

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27
Q

semilunar valves include?

A

pulmonic and aortic valves

28
Q

atrioventricular valves include?

A

tricuspid

bicuspid/mitrial

29
Q

which valves are attached to papillary muscles and chord tendinae?

A

atrioventricular valves

tricuspid, bicuspid/mitrial

30
Q

the tricuspid valves are on what side?

A

right

31
Q

the bicuspid valves are on what side?

A

left

32
Q

circulation through the heart including valves?

A

right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle- pulmonic valve-pulmonary arteries- pulmonary veins- left atrium- mitrial valve- left ventricle- aortic valve- aorta

33
Q

when blood is flowing through the atria (atrial contraction) and the ventricles are relaxed which valves are open?

A

AV valves

34
Q

when ventricles contract which valves are closed?

A

AV valves

35
Q

When ventricles contract which valves are open?

A

semilunar valves

36
Q

ventricles are relaxed, which valves are closed?

A

semilunar valves

37
Q

Aortic semilunar valves have opening to?

A

the right and left coronary arteries

38
Q

ventricular contraction is known as?

A

systlole

39
Q

ventricular relaxation is known as?

A

diastole

40
Q

what is the “lub” sound?

A

when ventricle contract the atrioventricular valves close

41
Q

what is the “dub” sound?

A

when ventricles relax and the semilunar valves close “dub”

42
Q

a valve not working well would produce a?

A

murmur

43
Q

sympathetic innervation of the heart does what?

A

increase heart rate

44
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the heart arises from which nerve?

A

vagus nerve

45
Q

parasympathetic innervation of the heart does what?

A

decrease heart rate

46
Q

viscerosensory fibers will travel with?

A

both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers to get feedback of what’s happening in the heart

47
Q

Pain fibers that travel from the heart to the CNS travel with?

A

sympathetics

48
Q

what is the first branch of the aorta

A

coronary arteries

49
Q

what do the coronary arteries supply?

A

they supply the myocardium with oxygen and nutrients

50
Q

what are the two main terminal branches of the left coronary artery? What do they supply?

A

circumflex artery(supplies the left atrium and left ventricle) and the left anterior descending artery (supplies the left and right ventricles and the anterior region of the muscular inter ventricular septum)

51
Q

What are the two main terminal branches of the right coronary artery? what do they supply?

A

right marginal artery(supplies the right ventricle) and posterior inter ventricular artery (supplies the right and left ventricles and the posterior portion of the inter ventricular septum)

52
Q

the right coronary artery lies in the?

A

coronary sulcus

53
Q

What is the function of the veins on the heart

A

return deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

54
Q

which vein travels along the left coronary artery (LAD and circumflex artery)

A

great cardiac vein

55
Q

which vein is between the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart

A

middle cardiac vein

56
Q

which vein runs along the right marginal artery of the heart?

A

small cardiac vein

57
Q

All veins drain into? why?

A

the coronary sinus

to deliver deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

58
Q

what veins runs with the marginal artery

A

small cardiac vein

59
Q

what vein runs with the posterior interventricular artery

A

middle cardiac vein

60
Q

What is the hardening of arteries referred to?

A

atherosclerosis

61
Q

What does atherosclerosis affect?

A

the coronary arteries

62
Q

how is atherosclerosis formed?

A

fats accumulate in the wall of the vessel and obstruct the lumen

63
Q

what can atherosclerosis lead to?

A

myocardial infarction

64
Q

myocardial infarction symptoms often include

A

chest pain and referred pain

65
Q

what is a coronary artery bypass?

A

take a blood vessel from a different part of the body and use it as a detour or bypass across the obstructed artery

66
Q

Describe an angioplasty

A

the provider would thread a catheter in to the area of obstruction and inflate a balloon which squeezes the plaque against the wall reestablishing blood flow. Some cases a stent is placed to keep the vessel open

67
Q

due to convergence of sensory information from the skin and an internal organ to the same cell in the CNS. Pain in the organ is perceived as originating in the skin.

A

Referred pain

Anatomy Unit One (11 decks)

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