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CVS Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Direction of the axis of heart/direction of apex

A

Downwards, fowards & to the left

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2
Q

Mention proportions of the heart to right & left

A

2/3 to L
1/3 to R
Of median plane

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3
Q

Apex of heart is formed by ….., while base of heart is formed by ……

A 
Left ventricle
Left atrium (mainly) & right atrium
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4
Q

Mention vessels recieved in base of heart.

A

Pulmonary veins on right & left sides of left atrium

SVC & IVC sup & inf to right atrium

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5
Q

Direction of basexof heart

A

Backwards to the right

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6
Q

Surface anatomy of apex of heart

A

Left 5th intercostal space, 9cm from median plane

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7
Q

Sup & inf relations of base of heart

A

S: pulmonary arteries
I: coronary sulcus lodging coronary sinus

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8
Q

Post relation of base of heart

A

Oblique sinus, fibrous pericardium, esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, T5-T8 in recumbent & T6-T9 in erect)

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9
Q

Sternocostal surface of heart is formed by ….

A

Right atrium, right ventricle (2/3), left ventricle (1/3) separated by ant IV groove.

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10
Q

Pericardium separates sternocostal surface from ….

A

Body of sternum, sternocostalis, 3rd-6th costal cartialges

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11
Q

Diaphragmatic surface of heart is formed by ….

A

Left ventricle (mainly), right ventricle, right atrium.

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12
Q

Diaphragmatic surface is separated from base of heart by ….

A

Coronary sulcus lodging coronary sinus

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13
Q

Mention structures forming right and left pulmonary surfaces

A

R: right atrium
L: left ventricle, left auricle, small oart of left atrium

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14
Q

Describe borders of the heart

A

R: convex, formed by right atrium
I: horizontal, right ventricle & apical part of left
L: convex, left ventricle & part of left auricle
S: straight, 2 atria mainly left behind great vessels

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15
Q

Mention contents if atrioventricular groove

A

Main trunks of coronary arteries

Coronary sinus in its posterior part

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16
Q

Mention contents if ant IV groove

A

Anterior IV branch of keft coronary art

Great cardiac vein

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17
Q

Inf IV groove conetnts

A

Post IV branch of right coronary art

Middle cardiac vein

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18
Q

Point of juntion of atrioventricular & IV grooves is termed ….

A

Crux of the heart

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19
Q

Mention site of SA node

A

The upper part of sulcus terminalis which extends between the right side of orifices of SVC & IVC

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20
Q

The structure corresponding to sulcus terminalis inside right atrium
It separates ….. & …..

A

Crista terminalis

Anterior rough-walled part & posterior rough-walled part

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21
Q

Embryological origin of rough & smooth walled parts of right atrium

A

R: Primitive atrium
S: right horn of sinus venosus

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22
Q

Write a short note on anterior cardiac veins

A

2-5 veins collect blood from front of right ventricle & open into the anterior part of right atrium

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23
Q

Compare SVC, IVC & Coronary sinus in terms of valve & structure drained

A

S: no valve, upper half of body
I: rudimentary valve, lower of body
C: semilunar flap called valve of coronary sinus, heart wall

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24
Q

Site in which coronary sinus opens

A

Between IVC & Atrioventricular oriffice in right atrium

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25
Q

Name the oval depression in interatrial steptum, the sharp border & their embryological origin

A

Fossa ovalis, floor from septum primium

Limbus fossa ovalis, septum secondum

26
Q

The funnel-shaped outflowing part of right venticle

A

Infundibulum (conus arteriosus)

27
Q

Mention parts of right ventricle internally

A

Inlet, traneculated apical part & outlet.

28
Q

The ….. separated inflwoing & outflowing parts of rt ventricle

A

Supraventricular crest

29
Q

The shape of right ventricle in cross-section is …..

A

Cresentic

30
Q

Mention types of trabeculae carneae

A
  1. Fixed prominent ridges
  2. Papillary muscles
  3. Ridges fixed at both ends with the middle free
31
Q

Desvribe attachment of papillary muscle & enumerate them

A
  1. Anterior papillary msucle
  2. Posterior papillary muscle
  3. Septal papillary muscles
32
Q

What is the moderator band? Mention its attachments

A

Septomarginal band

Crosses vent cavity from the septal to ant wall reaching base of ant papillary muscle

33
Q

Mention embry origin of inlet of right ventr

A

Primitive ventricle of heart tube

34
Q

GR: Smooth muscle wall of outlet remains contracted during ventricular diastole

A

To support the pulmonary valve against the back pressure of pulmonary trunk

35
Q

Mention emry origin of outlet of rt ventr

A

Bulbus cordis

36
Q

Describe structure of each cusp

A

2 endothelial layers with a layer of fibrous tissue in-between

37
Q

Mention the attachment of each cusp of tricuspid

A

Base attached to fibrous ring & adjoining cusps

Apex towards right ventricle

38
Q

Describe Papillary muscles attachment

A

Base at ventr wall, apex is free, Connected to cusps of atrioventricular valve by chordae tendineae

39
Q

A papillary muscle is attached by its chordae tendinae by …. Adoining cusp

A

2

40
Q

Function of chordae tendineae

A

Prevent eversion of the cusps towards the atrium during ventricular systole

41
Q

Mention number & position of semilunar cusps in pulmary valve

A

3
2 ant
1 post

42
Q

The free margin of each cusp shows in its middle ….. & …..on each side

A

Nodule

Lunule

43
Q

Mdescribe mechanism of semilunar valves

A

During systole, they are pressed against wall by out-flowing blood, during diastole blood flows back towards heart, fills cusps & which come in opposition in center of lumen and close pulmonary oriffice.

44
Q

Part of left atrium containing few pectinate muscles

A

Left auricle

45
Q

Direction of left ventricle

A

Forwards and to the left

46
Q

The special feature of trabeculae carneae of left vericle from right

A

Left, finer & more numerous

47
Q

The left ventricle has …. Papillary muscles. Its inflowing part originates from ….., its outflowing part originates from ….. .

A

2
Primitive ventricle if the heart
Bulbus cordis

48
Q

The anterior cusp is ….. it lies ………, while post cusp lies …… (mitral)

A

Larger
Anterior & to the right
Post & to the left

49
Q

Each cusp recieves chordae tendineae in left ventricle from …….

A

Both papillary muscles of the left ventricle

50
Q

Mention number & position of cusps of aortic valve

A

3

1 anterior & 2 posterior

51
Q

The ant aortic sinus gives rise to ….., while left post aortic sinus gives rise to …..

A

Right coronary artery

Left coronary artery

52
Q

The proportion of wall right/left ventricle

A

1:3

53
Q

The shape of right ventricle is ….., while left ventricle is ……

A

Crescentic

Circular

54
Q

Describe parts of interventricular septum

A
  1. Muscular part

2. Membranous part: consists of interventricular part & atrioventricular part)

55
Q

The membranous part of IV septum is common site for …..

A

Ventricular septal defect

56
Q

Mention composition of fibrous skeleton of heart

A

4 rings around orifices of AV, pulmonary & aortic valves and membranous parts of interatrial & IV septa.

57
Q

Mention functions of fibrous skeleton of heart

A

It keeps orifices patent & prevent overdistension, provides attachments for the leaflets & cusps of the valves & myocardium.

58
Q

Mention surface markings of the heart

A

A. Lower border of 2nd left costal cartlaige, 1.25 cm from sternal margin
B. Upper border of 3rd right costal cartialge, 1.25 cm from sternal margin
C. Lower border of 6th right costal cartilage, 1.25 cm from sternal margin
D. 5th intercostal space, 9cm from median plane (apex of heart

59
Q

Mention surface markings of coronary groove

A

A line joining sternal ends of 3rd left & 6th right costal cartilages

60
Q

Mention surface markings of heart valves & their direction

A

P, horizontal, 3rd left costal cartilage
A, oblique, 3rd left intercostal space
M, obilque, 4th left costal cartilage
T, vertical, 4th intercostal space

CVS Anatomy (11 decks)

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