Hearing and Balance

Question 1

Consists of the auricle and the external acoustic meatus.

Answer 1

External Ear

Question 2

The shell-shaped projection surrounding the opening of the external acoustic meatus. Composed of elastic cartilage covered with thin skin.

Answer 2

Auricle

Question 3

The thicker, fleshy area of the ear.

Answer 3

Helix

Question 4

The earlobe. Lacks supporting cartilage.

Answer 4

Lobule

Question 5

The auditory canal. A short, curved tube that extends from the auricle to the eardrum.

Answer 5

External Acoustic Meatus

Question 6

Modified apocrine sweat glands that secrete cerumen.

Answer 6

Ceruminous Glands

Question 7

Earwax. A yellow-brown waxy fluid.

Answer 7

Cerumen

Question 8

The eardrum. A thin, translucent, connective tissue membrane that vibrates due to sound waves.

Answer 8

Tympanic Membrane

Question 9

A small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone.

Answer 9

Middle Ear

Question 10

Superior opening in the bony wall of the ear.

Answer 10

Oval Window

Question 11

Inferior opening in the bony wall of the ear.

Answer 11

Round Window

Question 12

Runs obliquely downward to link the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx. Opens to equalize pressure int eh middle ear cavity with external air pressure.

Answer 12

Pharyngotympanic Tube (Eustachian Tube)

Question 13

The three smallest bones in the body. Span the tympanic cavity. Transmit the vibratory motion of the eardrum to the oval window.

Answer 13

Auditory Ossicles

Question 14

The “hammer.”

Answer 14

Malleus

Question 15

The “anvil.”

Answer 15

Incus

Question 16

The “stirrup.”

Answer 16

Stapes

Question 17

Skeletal muscle that inserts on the malleus. Helps limited the ossicle’s vibration.

Answer 17

Tensor Tympani

Question 18

Skeletal muscle that inserts on the stapes. Helps limited the ossicle’s vibration.

Answer 18

Stapedius

Question 19

Site of all the receptor machinery.

Answer 19

Inner Ear

Question 20

System of channels worming through the bone.

Answer 20

Bony Labyrinth

Question 21

A continuous series of membranous sacs and ducts contained withing the bony labyrinth.

Answer 21

Membranous Labyrinth

Question 22

A fluid that is continuous with CSF. Suspends the membranous labyrinth.

Answer 22

Perilymph

Question 23

Fluid in the interior of the membranous labyrinth.

Answer 23

Endolymph

Question 24

The central egg-shaped cavity of the bony labyrinth.

Answer 24

Vestibule

Question 25

Sac that is continuous with the membranous labyrinth extending anteriorly into the cochlea.

Answer 25

Saccule

Question 26

Sac that is continuous with the semicircular ducts extending into the semicircular canals posteriorly.

Answer 26

Utricle

Question 27

Project from the posterior aspect of the vestibule. Each one is oriented in one of the three planes of space. The anterior and posterior ones are oriented at right angles to each other in the vertical plane; the lateral one lies horizontally.

Answer 27

Semicircular Canals

Question 28

Snakes through each semicircular canal. Communicates with the utricle.

Answer 28

Semicircular Duct

Question 29

Large swelling of the semicircular duct. Houses an equilibrium receptor region that respond to rotational movements of the head.

Answer 29

Ampulla

Question 30

A spiral, conical, bony chamber. Houses the auditory receptors.

Answer 30

Cochlea

Question 31

Bony pilar that the cochlea coils around.

Answer 31

Modiolus

Question 32

Runs through the center of the cochlea.

Answer 32

Cochlear Duct

Question 33

The receptor organ of hearing.

Answer 33

Spiral Organ

Question 34

A thin shelflike extension of bone that spirals up the modiolus. With the cochlear duct, divides the cavity of the bony cochlea into three chambers.

Answer 34

Osseous Spiral Lamina

Question 35

Three chambers of the cochlea.

Answer 35

Scalae

Question 36

Continuous with the vestibule, begins that the oval window. Contains perilymph

Answer 36

Scala Vestibuli

Question 37

The cochlear duct. Contains endolymph

Answer 37

Scala media

Question 38

Terminates at the round window. Contains perilymph.

Answer 38

Scala tympani

Question 39

Plays a role in sound reception.

Answer 39

Basilar Membrane

Question 40

Hearing receptor cell.

Answer 40

Inner Hair Cells

Question 41

Hearing receptor cell.

Answer 41

Outer Hair Cells

Question 42

A division of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Fibers coil around the bases of the hair cells and run from the spiral organ through the modiolus to the brain.

Answer 42

Cochlear Nerve

Question 43

The pressure disturbance produced by a vibrating object and propagated by the molecules of the medium.

Answer 43

Sound

Question 44

The number of waves that pass a given point in a given time.

Answer 44

Frequency

Question 45

How we perceive different sound frequencies.

Answer 45

Pitch

Question 46

Provides the richness and complexity of sounds that we hear.

Answer 46

Quality

Question 47

The height of the sine wave, reveals a sounds intensity.

Answer 47

Amplitude

Question 48

Our subjective interpretation of sound intensity

Answer 48

Loudness

Question 49

Logarithmic unit of sound intensity

Answer 49

Decibels

Question 50

Soundwave strike this, setting it vibrating at the same frequency.

Answer 50

Tympanic membrane

Question 51

The motion of the tympanic membrane is amplified and transferred to the oval window by these.

Answer 51

Auditory ossicles

Question 52

The vibration of the oval window sets the perilymph in this chamber in motion.

Answer 52

Scala vestibuli

Question 53

Sounds with frequencies high enough to ear are transmitted through the cochlear duct to the perilymph of the scala tympani, vibrating hair cells on this. Like strings of a harp, shorter hair cells sensitive to higher frequencies are on one end while longer hair cells sensitive to lower frequencies are at the other.

Answer 53

Basilar Membrane

Question 54

Location where auditory bipolar cell bodies reside.

Answer 54

Spiral ganglion

Question 55

Where action potentials from the spiral ganglion and cochlear nerve reach the medulla.

Answer 55

Cochlear nuclei

Question 56

Where neurons from the medulla project in the auditory pathway.

Answer 56

Superior olivary nucleus

Question 57

The auditory reflex center in the midbrain

Answer 57

Inferior colliculus

Question 58

Provides conscious awareness of sound

Answer 58

Primary auditory cortex

Question 59

Occurs when something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear.

Answer 59

Conduction deafness

Question 60

Results from damage to neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to and including the auditory cortical cells.

Answer 60

Sensorineural deafness

Question 61

A ringing, buzzing, or clicking sound in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli

Answer 61

Tinnitus

Question 62

A labyrinth disorder that affects all three parts of the internal ear.

Answer 62

Meniere's Syndrome

Question 63

Consists of the semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the receptors they contain.

Answer 63

Vestibular apparatus

Question 64

Sensory receptor organs that monitor the position of the head in space.

Answer 64

Maculae

Question 65

Vestibule receptor cells that are embedded in the otolith membrane.

Answer 65

Hair cells

Question 66

A true cilium of vestibular hair cells.

Answer 66

Kinocilium

Question 67

A jellylike mass studded with tiny calcium carbonate stones.

Answer 67

Otolithic membrane

Question 68

Calcium carbonate stones in the otolithic membrane. Increase the membrane's weight and inertia.

Answer 68

Otoliths

Question 69

The receptor for rotational acceleration

Answer 69

Crista Ampularis