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AP 2 > Hearing and Balance > Flashcards

Hearing and Balance Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of the auricle and the external acoustic meatus.

A

External Ear

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2
Q

The shell-shaped projection surrounding the opening of the external acoustic meatus. Composed of elastic cartilage covered with thin skin.

A

Auricle

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3
Q

The thicker, fleshy area of the ear.

A

Helix

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4
Q

The earlobe. Lacks supporting cartilage.

A

Lobule

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5
Q

The auditory canal. A short, curved tube that extends from the auricle to the eardrum.

A

External Acoustic Meatus

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6
Q

Modified apocrine sweat glands that secrete cerumen.

A

Ceruminous Glands

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7
Q

Earwax. A yellow-brown waxy fluid.

A

Cerumen

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8
Q

The eardrum. A thin, translucent, connective tissue membrane that vibrates due to sound waves.

A

Tympanic Membrane

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9
Q

A small, air-filled, mucosa-lined cavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone.

A

Middle Ear

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10
Q

Superior opening in the bony wall of the ear.

A

Oval Window

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11
Q

Inferior opening in the bony wall of the ear.

A

Round Window

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12
Q

Runs obliquely downward to link the middle ear cavity with the nasopharynx. Opens to equalize pressure int eh middle ear cavity with external air pressure.

A

Pharyngotympanic Tube (Eustachian Tube)

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13
Q

The three smallest bones in the body. Span the tympanic cavity. Transmit the vibratory motion of the eardrum to the oval window.

A

Auditory Ossicles

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14
Q

The “hammer.”

A

Malleus

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15
Q

The “anvil.”

A

Incus

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16
Q

The “stirrup.”

A

Stapes

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle that inserts on the malleus. Helps limited the ossicle’s vibration.

A

Tensor Tympani

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18
Q

Skeletal muscle that inserts on the stapes. Helps limited the ossicle’s vibration.

A

Stapedius

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19
Q

Site of all the receptor machinery.

A

Inner Ear

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20
Q

System of channels worming through the bone.

A

Bony Labyrinth

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21
Q

A continuous series of membranous sacs and ducts contained withing the bony labyrinth.

A

Membranous Labyrinth

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22
Q

A fluid that is continuous with CSF. Suspends the membranous labyrinth.

A

Perilymph

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23
Q

Fluid in the interior of the membranous labyrinth.

A

Endolymph

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24
Q

The central egg-shaped cavity of the bony labyrinth.

A

Vestibule

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25
Q

Sac that is continuous with the membranous labyrinth extending anteriorly into the cochlea.

A

Saccule

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26
Q

Sac that is continuous with the semicircular ducts extending into the semicircular canals posteriorly.

A

Utricle

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27
Q

Project from the posterior aspect of the vestibule. Each one is oriented in one of the three planes of space. The anterior and posterior ones are oriented at right angles to each other in the vertical plane; the lateral one lies horizontally.

A

Semicircular Canals

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28
Q

Snakes through each semicircular canal. Communicates with the utricle.

A

Semicircular Duct

29
Q

Large swelling of the semicircular duct. Houses an equilibrium receptor region that respond to rotational movements of the head.

A

Ampulla

30
Q

A spiral, conical, bony chamber. Houses the auditory receptors.

A

Cochlea

31
Q

Bony pilar that the cochlea coils around.

A

Modiolus

32
Q

Runs through the center of the cochlea.

A

Cochlear Duct

33
Q

The receptor organ of hearing.

A

Spiral Organ

34
Q

A thin shelflike extension of bone that spirals up the modiolus. With the cochlear duct, divides the cavity of the bony cochlea into three chambers.

A

Osseous Spiral Lamina

35
Q

Three chambers of the cochlea.

A

Scalae

36
Q

Continuous with the vestibule, begins that the oval window. Contains perilymph

A

Scala Vestibuli

37
Q

The cochlear duct. Contains endolymph

A

Scala media

38
Q

Terminates at the round window. Contains perilymph.

A

Scala tympani

39
Q

Plays a role in sound reception.

A

Basilar Membrane

40
Q

Hearing receptor cell.

A

Inner Hair Cells

41
Q

Hearing receptor cell.

A

Outer Hair Cells

42
Q

A division of the vestibulocochlear nerve. Fibers coil around the bases of the hair cells and run from the spiral organ through the modiolus to the brain.

A

Cochlear Nerve

43
Q

The pressure disturbance produced by a vibrating object and propagated by the molecules of the medium.

A

Sound

44
Q

The number of waves that pass a given point in a given time.

A

Frequency

45
Q

How we perceive different sound frequencies.

A

Pitch

46
Q

Provides the richness and complexity of sounds that we hear.

A

Quality

47
Q

The height of the sine wave, reveals a sounds intensity.

A

Amplitude

48
Q

Our subjective interpretation of sound intensity

A

Loudness

49
Q

Logarithmic unit of sound intensity

A

Decibels

50
Q

Soundwave strike this, setting it vibrating at the same frequency.

A

Tympanic membrane

51
Q

The motion of the tympanic membrane is amplified and transferred to the oval window by these.

A

Auditory ossicles

52
Q

The vibration of the oval window sets the perilymph in this chamber in motion.

A

Scala vestibuli

53
Q

Sounds with frequencies high enough to ear are transmitted through the cochlear duct to the perilymph of the scala tympani, vibrating hair cells on this. Like strings of a harp, shorter hair cells sensitive to higher frequencies are on one end while longer hair cells sensitive to lower frequencies are at the other.

A

Basilar Membrane

54
Q

Location where auditory bipolar cell bodies reside.

A

Spiral ganglion

55
Q

Where action potentials from the spiral ganglion and cochlear nerve reach the medulla.

A

Cochlear nuclei

56
Q

Where neurons from the medulla project in the auditory pathway.

A

Superior olivary nucleus

57
Q

The auditory reflex center in the midbrain

A

Inferior colliculus

58
Q

Provides conscious awareness of sound

A

Primary auditory cortex

59
Q

Occurs when something hampers sound conduction to the fluids of the internal ear.

A

Conduction deafness

60
Q

Results from damage to neural structures at any point from the cochlear hair cells to and including the auditory cortical cells.

A

Sensorineural deafness

61
Q

A ringing, buzzing, or clicking sound in the ears in the absence of auditory stimuli

A

Tinnitus

62
Q

A labyrinth disorder that affects all three parts of the internal ear.

A

Meniere’s Syndrome

63
Q

Consists of the semicircular canals, the vestibule, and the receptors they contain.

A

Vestibular apparatus

64
Q

Sensory receptor organs that monitor the position of the head in space.

A

Maculae

65
Q

Vestibule receptor cells that are embedded in the otolith membrane.

A

Hair cells

66
Q

A true cilium of vestibular hair cells.

A

Kinocilium

67
Q

A jellylike mass studded with tiny calcium carbonate stones.

A

Otolithic membrane

68
Q

Calcium carbonate stones in the otolithic membrane. Increase the membrane’s weight and inertia.

A

Otoliths

69
Q

The receptor for rotational acceleration

A

Crista Ampularis

AP 2 (14 decks)

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