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Semester 3 > HealthPsych Session 7 > Flashcards

HealthPsych Session 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What might cultural identity be based on?

A 
Heritage
Individual circumstances
Personal choice
Language
Race
Ethnicity
Occupation
Age
Socio-economic status
Physical abilities
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2
Q

Why is a dynamic definition of culture used clinically?

A

So pts can define which aspect of their culture is relevant at any point allowing for a change in clinical contexts, different life stages and clinical presentation itself

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3
Q

What is multiculturalism?

A

Diversity of ethnicity

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4
Q

Why is diversity important to healthcare?

A

Increasing diversity of populations
Pt-centred approach gives better outcomes
Huge disparities in care accessed
Disparities in aggression of interventions
Differential outcomes

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5
Q

What is diversity?

A

Range of difference relating to individual circumstances

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6
Q

What problems may arise considering diversity in healthcare?

A

Lack of knowledge
Self protection/denial (differences not significant)
Fear of unknown/new
Time pressure

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7
Q

What do problems with recognising diversity in healthcare lead to?

A 
Pt-provider relationships affected by misunderstanding of expectations
Miscommunication
Non compliance
Rejection of HCP
Conflict/isolation in staff groups
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8
Q

Perceptions of what aspects of service presentation can be influenced by culture ?

A 
Mental health
Certain symptoms and behaviours
Potential services and those pts will accept
Tx and management pts find acceptable
Issues of access
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9
Q

What problems may young people experience elated to culture?

A

Pressures to conform to: family religion, expected gender roles, social norms, family expectations
Sexual orientation
Impending forced marriages
Reconciling culutre in public and private domains

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10
Q

What is the gender binary model?

A

Males look and act masculine
Females look and act feminine
Clearly distinguished by anatomy –> intersex if not possible

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11
Q

What are societal norms?

A

Belief systems about what is normal, acceptable and ideal

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12
Q

What is gender identity?

A

Internal perception and experience of a person’s own gender

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13
Q

What is gender expression/role?

A

Way a person lives in society and interacts with others

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14
Q

What does transgender mean?

A

Umbrella term for those whose gender identity and or expression differs from their birth sex

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15
Q

What is described by the term transsexual?

A

Someone who feels a consistent and overwhelming desire to transition and fulfil their life as a member of the opposite sex +/- gender reassignment

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16
Q

What common feature do transvestites and cross-dressers share?

A

Gender identity tends to be the same as their birth sex

17
Q

What is sexual orientation?

A

Term for what gender you are attracted to which can be life long from an early age or vary over time

18
Q

What is sexual identity?

A

How people describe themselves e.g. gay/lesbian/bisexual (polite terms but some people prefer no labels)

19
Q

What is sexual behaviour?

A

MSM or WSW

20
Q

How does discrimination lead to poorer health?

A

Increases stress
Decreases self esteem
Isolation
Increased conflict –> physical and stress experiences
Subculture with associated -ve health behaviours
Distrust of authorities
Discriminatory healthcare

21
Q

Why are mental health problems not reported in gender reassignment cases?

A

Fear of rejection for surgery

22
Q

What mental health needs do LGBT pts have?

A

Increased levels of stress-related mental health problems

23
Q

Which LGBT pts experience more anxiety, depression and suicidality than lesbians and gay men?

A

Bisexuals

Transgender

24
Q

What substance use health needs do LGBT pts have?

A

Increased rates of smoking, alcohol and recreational drug use

25
Q

Why do lesbians need PAP smear tests?

A

Many have had sex with men and HPV can be transmitted between women

26
Q

What are MSM pts at increased risk of developing?

A

Anal cancer, risk doubles if HIV +ve

27
Q

Which STIs are more common amongst MSM?

A

HIV and symphysis

28
Q

Why aren’t all gay/bi men at high risk of STIs?

A

Depends on lifestyle factors e.g. condom use, number of sexual partners

29
Q

Do WSW contract STIs of they have only had sex with women in the last 5 years?

A

Yes

30
Q

What can be done in practise to help when seeing LGBT pts?

A

Validate pt’s gender identity and do not pathologise/moralise
Confidentiality
Respect
Don’t rely on pts to educate you
Distinguish between pts problems and their identity
Be careful using pronouns and with other aspects of language

31
Q

How is culture defined?

A

By each person in relationship to the group(s) they identify with. There must be active engagement but it is a dynamic process

Semester 3 (50 decks)

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