Healthcare Associated Infection

Question 0

Sources of infection

Answer 0

1. Animate
   - healthcare workers
   - patients
   - visitor
2. Inanimate
   - formite
   - environment

Question 1

Requirements for transmission of (nosocomial) pathogens

Answer 1

1. Source
2. Mode of transmission
3. Susceptible host

Question 2

Mode of transmission

Answer 2

1. Contact
   - direct (scabies, herpes simplex)
   - indirect (MRSA, VRE, influenza, norovirus)
2. Droplet
   - influenza
   - pertussis
   - SARS
   - neisseria meningitidis
   - rhinovirus
3. Airborne
   - TB
   - measles
   - varicella(vzv)/ chickenpox
   - influenza/SARs

Question 3

Common sites of infection

Answer 3

• surgical site infection
• IV line associated infection
  - peripheral IV line
  - central line
• nosocomial pneumonia
  - ventilator associated pneumonia
• catheter associated UTI
• prosthetic joint infection
• diarrhoea

Question 4

Major hospital associated pathogens

Answer 4

Bacterial 
-mrsa
-VRE
-multi resistant gram negative bacilli
-clostridium difficile 
-TB
Viral
-respiratory viruses (influenza)
-norovirus 
-varicella 
-measles 
Fungi 
-aspergillus
-candida