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371 Final Exam > Health Surveillance II > Flashcards

Health Surveillance II Flashcards

1
Q

Salmonellosis: Signs & Symptoms

A

diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps

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2
Q

Salmonellosis: Treatment

A

not usually necessary

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3
Q

Salmonellosis: Prevention

A

proper food handling and preparation

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4
Q

Pertussis: Signs & Symptoms

A

First Stage: runny nose, low-grade fever, mild occasional cough
Progression: numerous, rapid coughs with the “whooping” sound, vomiting & exhaustion after coughing fits

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5
Q

Pertussis: Transmission

A

airborne droplets

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6
Q

Pertussis: Treatment

A

antibiotics

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7
Q

Pertussis: Prevention

A

Tdap & DTap vaccines, booster shots, hand-washing

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8
Q

MRSA: Signs & Symptoms

A

bump that is small, red, swollen, painful, and/or pus-filled; may have a fever

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9
Q

MRSA: Tranmission

A

direct and indirect contact

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10
Q

MRSA: Testing

A

tissue sample, nasal secretions

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11
Q

MRSA: Treatment

A

drain wounds, non-methicillin antibiotics

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12
Q

MRSA: Prevention

A
  • hand/body hygiene
  • keep wounds clean and covered
  • avoid sharing personal items
  • isolation
  • PPE
  • sanitize linnens and equipment
  • shower after sporting events
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13
Q

Factors Associated with Healthcare-Associated MRSA

A
  • Being hospitalized
  • Placement of an invasive medical device
  • Being in a long-term care facility
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14
Q

Factors Associated with Community-Associated MRSA

A
  • Contact sports
  • Living in crowded conditions
  • Men having sex with men
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15
Q

TB: Signs & Symptoms

A

malaise, pleuritic pain, fatigue, anorexia, fever, night sweats, cough, hemoptysis, weight loss

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16
Q

TB: Transmission

A

airborne droplets

17
Q

TB: Treatment

A

combinations of INH, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazminamide, or streptomycin

18
Q

TB: Testing

A

PPD, chest x-ray, sputum sample

19
Q

TB: Prevention

A

testing, BCG vaccine (high-risk countries), wearing a respirator

20
Q

+ PPD Test: > or = 15 mm Induration

A
  • no risk factors

- low prevalence population

21
Q

+ PPD Test: > or = 10 mm Induration

A
  • IV drug users
  • arrival from a high-prevalence area
  • residents & employees of high-risk areas
22
Q

+ PPD Test: > or = 5 mm Induration

A
  • HIV +
  • recent TB exposure
  • organ transplant recipient
23
Q

HIV: Signs & Symptoms

A
  • fever
  • swollen glands
  • sore throat
  • rash
  • fatigue
  • muscle/join pain
  • headache
  • rapid weight loss
  • flu-like symptoms
24
Q

HIV: Transmission

A

bodily fluids

25
Q

HIV: Treatment

A

combinations of multiple medications–nucleoside analogs, nonucleoside analogs, protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, MAC, antibacterials, antifungals, antiprotozoals, antivirals, antineoplastics, appetite stimulants, antiematics

26
Q

HIV: Testing

A
  • ELSA–HIV-1 sensitive

- Western Blot–even more sensitive to HIV-1

27
Q

HIV: Prevention

A
  • protected sex
  • education
  • testing
  • PrEP
28
Q

Increased viral load = decreased CD4 counts

A

Greater chance in progressing to AIDS in 3 years

29
Q

Decreased viral load = increased CD4 count

A

Less than 2% chance of progressing to AIDS in 3 years

30
Q

Stages of HIV

A
  1. Initial Exposure–asymptomatic
  2. Primary HIV Infection–acute infection; flu-like; develop antibodies in 6-12 weeks
  3. Clinical HIV/Asymptomatic HIV Infection–infectious, but no evidence of illness
  4. Advanced HIV Disease (AIDS)–opportunistic infections; CD4 is less than 50
31
Q

Pneumocystis Carinnii

A
  • HIV opportunistic infection
  • fungal infection
  • causes fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, fatigue
32
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • HIV opportunistic infection
  • fungal infection
  • affects mouth or the vagina
33
Q

Karposi’s Sarcoma

A
  • HIV opportunistic infection

- causes lesions on the body and in the mouth

34
Q

Ebola: Signs & Symptoms

A

sudden onset of fever, intense weakness, muscle pain, headaches, sore throat, vomiting and diarrhea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, internal and external bleeding

35
Q

Ebola: Transmission

A

infected animals, bodily fluids, sexual contact, and other forms of direct contact

36
Q

Ebola: Treatment

A

IV fluids and electrolytes, maintaining oxygen and blood pressure, treating other infections if they occur

37
Q

Ebola: Prevention

A

reducing risk of wildlife-to-human transmission and human-to-human transmission, outbreak containment measures

38
Q

Four Basic Environmental Principles

A
  1. everything is connected to everything else, but some things are connected more tightly (air and breathing)
  2. everything has to go somewhere (trash)
  3. the solution to pollution is dilution
  4. everything is constantly changing (shore lines)
39
Q

I-PREPARE

A 
I: investigate potential exposures
P: present work
R: residence
E: environmental concerns
P: past work
A: activities
R: referrals and resources
E: educate

371 Final Exam (10 decks)

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