Health Reforms and Canadian Health System's Assessment Flashcards
Health System Framework
1) Health Systems Outcomes
—> Improve the health status of Canadians.
—> Improve health system responsiveness.
—> Improve value for money.
2) Health System Inputs and Characteristics
—> Leadership and governance.
—> Resources, both financial and human.
—> Guidelines.
3) Health System Outputs
—> The capacity of the system to deliver the care.
—> The quality of the care delivered (ex. equity and time).
4) Social Determinants of Health
—> Structural factors (ex. infrastructure, gender, race, and etc.).
—> Biological, psychosocial, and genetic factors.
Issues in Assessment
1) Benchmarks
2) Quality of Data
3) International Comparisons
Benchmarks
Targets that have been set (where you want to be). Are not always easy to reach due to different circumstances.
Japan’s Health Care System
Prime minister sets the fixed budget, all citizens must have insurance and do not have a choice (either receive it from their employer or their community insurance, but employers do have a choice), and the doctors and insurance companies argue over the reimbursement rates. It is a social insurance model.
Germany’s Health Care System
A global fixed budget, the doctors and insurance companies argue over the reimbursement rate, and a certain percentage of income is taken from citizens’ payroll to the government which allows the citizens to choose their insurance company (unemployed people also get a choice for their insurance company). It is a social insurance model.
France’s Health Care System
Prime minister sets the budget, all citizens must have insurance and do not have a choice (including the employers), and the doctors and insurance companies argue over the reimbursement rates (only rates are considered not the quantity). It is a social insurance model.
UK’s Health Care System
Socialized system (like Canada). The government sets a target budget. Is a central system not like Canada which is a federal system. It is a general taxation model.
Health System’s Governance
1) Transparency
2) Intergovernmental Collaboration
3) Performance and Assessment
4) Sovereignty for Indigenous Peoples
Amenable Mortality
Refers to death that was potentially avoidable through timely and effective health care interventions.
Preventable Mortality
Focuses on death that could be avoided through public health and primary prevention measures.
Indicator
Provides a standard way of measuring and comparing a problem or area of focus. Helps people understand how they are doing and where to improve.
Health Indicators
1) Health Status
2) Mortality Rates
3) Returns to Hospital
4) Cost of a Standard Hospital Stay
5) Rates of Pressure Ulcers (Bedsores) in Long Term Care
6) Wait Times
7) Rates For Procedures
What Health Indicators Show
1) Safety
2) Efficiency
3) Quality of Care
4) Basis For Comparisons
Health System Assessment
1) Allocative Efficiency
2) Technical Efficiency
3) Transparency and Accountability
Allocative Efficiency
The health system that distributes services in accords to the value that individuals place on those goods and services (matching the need to the funding required).
Technical Efficiency
The extent to which a health system draws on the minimum level of input for a given output or the maximum level of output based on a given set of inputs (using equipment to its maximum capacity).
Key Issues We Face Today in Canada’s Health Care Systems
1) Wait Times
2) Immigrants
3) Regional Differences
4) Bias in Specialist/Family Doctors (the difference in low SES and other people with access to health care services)
5) Financial Access
6) Indigenous Peoples
7) Post COVID
