HEALTH PROMOTION & DISEASE PREVENTION

Question 1

• is a highly individual perception.
• is traditionally defined in terms of the presence or absence of disease.
  ⎯ is a state of being well and using every power the individual possesses to the fullest extent.

Answer 1

Health

Question 2

is a state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being, and
not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity.

Answer 2

Health

Question 3

 is an integrated method of functioning, which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable.
 It requires that the individual maintains a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning.

Answer 3

Wellness

Question 4

It is a state in which someone’s needs are not sufficiently met to allow that individual to have a sense of physical and psychosocial well-being.
 is an alteration in body functions
resulting in a reduction of capacities
or a shortening of the normal life
span.

Answer 4

Illness

Question 5

involves the leadership, governance, and management of the society which affect the well-being and welfare of the community in general and the individuals in particular.

Answer 5

Political factor

Question 6

relates to the nonphysical traits, such as values, beliefs, attitudes, and customs shared by a group of people and passed from one generation to
the next

Answer 6

Cultural factor

Question 7

– includes attitudes and customs. . . a
customary action usually done to maintain or
promote health.

Answer 7

practices

Question 8

also embrace values . . . a state or
habit of mind wherein a group people place a trust into something or a person.

Answer 8

beliefs

Question 9

refers to the genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring. . some individuals are genetically determined.

Answer 9

Hereditary factor

Question 10

is the sum total of all the conditions,
circumstances, and elements that make up the surroundings and influence the development of an individual.

Answer 10

Environmental factor

Question 11

refers to the production activities,
distribution, and consumption of goods of an individual.

Answer 11

Socio-economic factor

Question 12

This provides specific protection
against disease to prevent its
occurrence in the most desirable form of prevention.
 Preventive measures consist of
counseling, education, and adoption
of specific health practices or changes
in lifestyle

Answer 12

Primary prevention

Question 13

 This focuses on
(a) health promotion and
(b) protection
against specific health problems.

Answer 13

Primary prevention

Question 14

This consists of organized, direct screening efforts on education of the public to promote early case finding of an individual with disease so that prompt intervention can be instituted to halt pathologic processes and limit disability.

Answer 14

Secondary prevention

Question 15

This begins early in the period of
recovery from illness and consists of
such activities as consistent and
appropriate administration of
medications to optimize therapeutic
effects, moving and positioning to
prevent complications of immobility and passive and active exercises to prevent disability.

Answer 15

Tertiary prevention

Question 16

• designed to be a “complementary
  counterpart to models of health protection.
• defines health as a positive dynamic state not merely the absence of disease
• multi dimensional nature of
  persons as they interact within their
  environment to pursue health.

Answer 16

Health Promotion Model by Nola Pender

Question 17

What are the three factors hat contributed to the outcome of the HPM?

Answer 17

• Individual Characteristics and Experiences
• Behavior specific cognitions and affect
• Behavioral outcome health promoting behavior

Question 18

is the belief in one’s ability to succeed in achieving an outcome or reaching a goal. This belief, specific to a task or an area of knowledge or performance, shapes the behaviors and strategies that help one pursue their goal.
 It is a belief that one has the capabilities to execute the courses of actions required to manage prospective situations

Answer 18

Self-efficacy

Question 19

refers to one’s previous and related experiences, which can influence their perception of whether
or not one has the competence to perform the task at hand. This tends to be what influences self-efficacy the most.

Answer 19

performance experience

Question 20

refers to the observed performances and experiences of others like oneself in a similar situation.

Answer 20

vicarious experience

Question 21

refers to verbal encouragement or
discouragement about a person’s ability to perform. Typically, the more credible the source, the more impact this source is likely to have on a person’s self-efficacy.

Answer 21

social persuasion

Question 22

refers to a person’s use of their imagination to envision his or her success at a task.

Answer 22

imaginal experience

Question 23

refers to how one experiences physical sensations and emotional states when facing the task or challenge

Answer 23

physical and emotional states

Question 24

was developed in the early 1950s by social scientists at the U.S in order to understand the failure of people to adopt disease prevention strategies or screening tests for the early detection of disease.

suggests that a person’s belief in a
personal threat of an illness or disease together with a person’s belief in the effectiveness of the recommended health behavior or action will predict the likelihood the person will adopt the behavior.

Answer 24

health belief model (HBM)

Question 25

 __ beliefs are cognitions that determine whether health behavior change will be initiated, how much effort will be expended, and how long it will be sustained in
the face of obstacles and failures.
 ___ influences the effort one puts forth to change risk behavior and the persistence to continue striving despite barriers and setbacks that may undermine motivation.

Answer 25

Self-efficacy

Question 26

what are the components of the HBM

Answer 26

perceived susceptibility
perceived severity
perceived benefits
perceived barriers
cue to action
self- efficacy

Question 27

This refers to a person’s subjective perception of the risk of acquiring an illness or disease.

Answer 27

perceived susceptibility

Question 28

This refers to a person’s
feelings on the seriousness of contracting an illness or disease (or leaving the illness or disease untreated).

Answer 28

perceived severity

Question 29

This refers to a person’s
perception of the effectiveness of various actions available to reduce the threat of illness or disease (or to cure illness or disease).

Answer 29

perceived benefits

Question 30

This refers to a person’s
feelings on the obstacles to performing a recommended health action. There is wide variation in a person’s feelings of barriers, or
impediments, which lead to a cost/benefit analysis

Answer 30

perceived barriers

Question 31

This is the stimulus needed
to trigger the decision-making process to accept a recommended health action.

Answer 31

cue to action

Question 32

This refers to the level of a
person’s confidence in his or her ability to successfully perform a behavior

Answer 32

self-efficacy