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NCM 104 LEC > COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (1) > Flashcards

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Etiological agent for typhoid fever

A

Salmonella typhi

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2
Q

Incubation period for Typhoid fever

A

50-40 days

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3
Q

Source of infection for typhoid fever

A

Carriers
Shellfish (oyster)
Stool and vomitus of infected individual

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4
Q

Mode of transmission for typhoid fever

A

Fecal oral
Organisms transmitted through 5F’s
Ingestion of contaminated food, water, and milk

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5
Q

What are the manifestations of the onset of typhoid fever?

A

→ Headache, chilly sensation, aches all over the body
→ Nausea and vomiting
→ Constipationordiarrhea
→ Allsymptomsworsen
→ Fever starts low and increases daily
→ Breathing is accelerated, tongue is furred,
skin is dry and hot, and abdomen is
distended and tender
→ Rose spots
→ Symptoms become more aggrevated

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6
Q

What are the manifestations of typhoid stage?

A

• Intense symptoms decline in severity
• Tongue protrudes, and become dry and
brown
• Sordes
• Coma vigil
• Subsultus tendinum
• Carpholagia

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7
Q

What are the complications of typhoid fever?

A

• Intestinal hemorrhage or perforation
• Ascitis and peritonitis
• Bronchitis and pneumonia
• Meteorism or tympanites
• Early heart failure
• Appreance of “typhoid spine” or neuritis
• Septicemia or sepsis
• Reiter’s syndrome
• Painful urination
• Infection and inflammation of meningitis
• Psychiatric problem

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8
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for typhoid fever?

A

• Typhidot
• ELISA
• Widal test
• Rectal swab Treatment
• Chloramphenicol
• Ampicillin
• Co-trimoxazole
• Ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone
• 3rd and 4th generation drugs

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9
Q

What kind of isolation for typhoid fever?

A

Enteric isolation

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10
Q

TYPHOID FEVER
When in high risk populations, do you do vaccinations?

A

Yes

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11
Q

TYPHOID FEVER
What guidelines to do when traveling to high risk areas?

A
  1. Wash Hands
  2. Avoid drinking untreated water
  3. Go for drinks without ice
  4. Avoid raw fruits and vegetable
  5. Choose hot food; steaming hot ones are
    best
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12
Q

What is the etiological agent for Leptospirosis?

A

Leptospira interrogans

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13
Q

What is the incubation period for Leptospirosis?

A

Varies from 6-15 days

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14
Q

Leptospira icterohaemirrhagiae

A

From rats

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15
Q

Leptospira bataviae

A

To rice field workers

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16
Q

Leptospira canicola

A

From dogs

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17
Q

Leptospira grippotyphosa

A

From mice

18
Q

What is the period of communicability of Leptospirosis?

A

10-20 days after onset

19
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Leptospirosis?

A
  • ingestion / contact of the skin and mucous membrane with the urine of infected animals or carcasses
  • pathogens enter though the break on the skin, enters blood
  • person to person is RARE
20
Q

What is the source of transmission for Leptospirosis?

A

Contaminated food and water
Urine of infected animals

21
Q

Who are the people at risk for Leptospirosis?

A

• Rice or crops farmers on flooded rice fields
• Dairy farmers
• Mine and sewer workers
• Veterinarians and animal caretakers
• Military personnel
• People in large cities

22
Q

What are the manifestations of the initial phase of Leptospirosis?

A

Abrupt headache
Fever
Severe muscle ache
Cutaneous hyperthermia
Rapid rising temperature
Bradycardia
Conjunctival effusion
Cutaneous hemorrhages
Skin rashes

23
Q

What are the manifestations of the second phase of Leptospirosis?

A

Fever tend to be milder, GIT symptoms and myalgia are less intense
Renal failure
Pulmonary involvement
Decreased hepatic function and jaundice

24
Q

What are the three sub-stages of the septic stages of Leptospirosis?

A

Septic
Immune or toxic
Convalescence

25
Q

LEPTOSPIROSIS
Febrile state for 4-7 days Abrupt onset of intermittent fever
Chills
Headache
Anorexia
Abdominal pain
Severe prostration

A

Septic stage

26
Q

LEPTOSPIROSIS

Last for 4-30 days
Exhibits iritis, headache, meningeal manifestations
Oliguria and anuria
Shock, coma, and congestive heart failure
Death may occur between the 9th -16 th day

A

Immune or toxic stage

27
Q

LEPTOSPIROSIS
Occur during 4th - 5th week

A

Convalescence

28
Q

What are the antibiotics for Leptospirosis?

A

Penicillin
Tetracycline

29
Q

Medication to PREVENT Leptospirosis

A

Prophylaxis with doxycycline 200mg/week

30
Q

What is the management for a person with Leptospirosis?

A

Isolate, dispose urine properly
Close surveillance
Clean dirty places
Eradicate rats and rodents

31
Q

What is the etiological agent for Rabies?

A

Rhabdovirus

32
Q

What is the incubation period for Rabies?

A

→ One week-7 1⁄2 months in dogs
→ 10 days-15 years in humans

33
Q

The incubation period for Rabies depends on what?

A
  1. Distance of the bite to the brain
  2. Extensiveness of the bite
  3. Species of the animal
  4. Amount of blood vessels and nerves in the bite site
  5. The resistance of the host
34
Q

What area the 2 forms of Rabies?

A

Furious rabies
Paralytic rabies

35
Q

RABIES

• Hyperactivity
• Excitable behavior
• Hydrophobia
• Photophobia
• Aerophobia

A

Furious rabies

36
Q

RABIES

• Muscles gradually becomes paralyzed
• Coma to death
• Misdiagnosed

A

Paralytic rabies

37
Q

What is the period of communicability for Rabies?

A

3-5 days before onset

38
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for Rabies?

A
  1. Virus isolation
  2. Fluorescent antibody test (FAT)
  3. Presence of Negri Bodies in the Dog’s Brain
39
Q

RABIES

What are the 3 phases?

A
  1. Prodromal/invasion phase
  2. Excitement or neurologic/encephalitic phase
  3. Terminal/paralytic phase
40
Q

What to do after exposure to Rabies?

A
  • Extensive washing and local treatment of wound
  • Mandatory immunization
  • Administration of anti rabies
  • Tetanus vaccine
41
Q

How many days to confine dogs if it has bitten a person?

A

10-14 days

NCM 104 LEC (9 decks)

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