Health Promotion

Question 1

List the 5 actions of the Ottawa Charter

Answer 1

• build healthy public policy - create supportive environments - develop personal skills - reorient health services - strengthen community actions

Question 2

List 5 determinants of health (as per PHAC)

Answer 2

• income and social status - social support networks - education and literacy - employment / working conditions - social environment - physical environment - personal health practices and coping skills - healthy child development - biology and genetic endowment - health services - gender - culture

Question 3

Define the ‘low income cut-off’ (LICO) measure of poverty

Answer 3

income threshold below which a family is expected to spend 20% more of their income on necessities than the average Canadian family

Question 4

Define the ‘low-income measure’ (LIM) measure of poverty

Answer 4

half the median income

Question 5

Define the ‘market basket measure’

Answer 5

threshold = amount required to buy a ‘basket’ of goods and services representing a modest standard of living

Question 6

What does 0 and 100 represent in the Gini coefficient?

Answer 6

0 = absolute equality 100 = absolute inequality -> lower the better!

Question 7

List and briefly describe the OCAP principles of research involving First Nations.

Answer 7

Ownership - community owns information collectively (need to have consent of community, not just individuals) Control - control all aspects of research and information management processes Access - right to manage and make decisions of use of collective information Possession - physical holding of data

Question 8

What is the difference between: impairment, disability, and handicap?

Answer 8

Impairment: loss or abnormality in physiologic, anatomic or psychological function (due to disease). Disability: reduction in capacity to function in society (as a result of impairment). Handicap: reduction in the capacity to fulfill a social role as a result of disability or impairment.

Question 9

What are 4 key components of the Health Belief Model of behaviour change?

Answer 9

SSBB -Perceived susceptibility -Perceived severity -Perceived benefits of action -Perceived barriers to action

Question 10

What are 4 actions Public Health can take to improve health equity?

Answer 10

1. Assess and report on: -the existence and impact of inequities; and -strategies to reduce inequities 2. Modify and orient interventions -to meet the unique needs of marginalized populations 3. Partner with other sectors -to improve health outcomes for marginalized populations 4. Participate in policy development -advocate for improvements in SDOH and equity

Question 11

List 3 Protective Factors against suicide

Answer 11

• Socio-economic situation › Loving parent-child relationship › Having reasons for living › Social connectedness › Sense of belonging › Religion

Question 12

Define Health Inequity

Answer 12

Systemic, unjust, avoidable systematic differences in health status between groups that are unjust, unfair AND unnecessary and potentially avoidable.

Question 13

What are two purpose of a health equity impact assessment

Answer 13

• Identify potential unintended consequences for different populations groups - Maximize positive impacts and minimize positive impacts

Question 14

List the steps that you would take to conduct a health equity impact assessment

Answer 14

1) Scoping (what population will be impacted by policy or program, what determinants of health will be impacted) 2) Impacts (positive and negative) 3) Mitigation (how can you reduce negative amplify positives) 4) Monitoring (how can you measure success for each mitigation measure) 5) Dissemination (how will results be shared)

Question 15

Define Health Inequality

Answer 15

measurable difference in health status between individuals or groups

Question 16

Define a population health approach

Answer 16

focuses on improving the health of an entire population and improving equity between subpopulations.