2021 NCD Flashcards
What are the current recommendations for physical activity in Canada for adults 18 to 64?
- per week, at least 150 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity (also beneficial to add muscle and bone strengthening activies using major muscle groups at least 2 days in a week) - in bouts of 10 min or more.
Name three types of screening?
- universal screening
* screening all members of a population for a disease (e.g. phenylketonuria (PKU) and hypothyroidism in all newborns) - selective screening
* screening of targeted subgroups of the population at risk for a disease (e.g.mammography in women >50 yr old) - multiphasic screening
* the use of many measurements and investigations to look for many disease entities (e.g. periodic health exam)
List the 4 factors affecting the strength of a recommendation mady by Canadian Taskforce for Preventative Healthcare.
1) Quality of supporting evidence;
2) Balance between desirable and undesirable effects;
3) Variability or Uncertainty in values and preferences of citizens;
3) Whether the ntervention represents a wise use of resources.
List the key components of a strong recommendation for an intervention made by CTFPH.
Strong recommendations are those for which we are confident that the desirable effects of an intervention outweigh its undesirable effects A strong recommendation implies that most individuals will be best served by the recommended course of action.
What are key components of a conditional recommendation for an intervention made by CTFPH?
- Desirable effects probably outweigh the undesirable effects but uncertainty exists.
- the balance between desirable and undesirable effects is small, the quality of evidence is lower, and there is more variability in the values and preferences of individuals.
- A conditional recommendation implies that we believe most people would want the recommended course of action but that many would not.
*Clinicians must recognize that different choices will be appropriate for different individuals, and they must support each person in reaching a management decision consistent with his/her values and preferences. Policy-making will require substantial debate and involvement of various stakeholders.
List 3 factors contributing to low levels of physical activity in Canada?
Built environment
- lack of opportunities for active transportation
Decreasing Leisure time
- trend towards decreasing free time for Canadian in which to engage in physical activity
Increased use of personal electronics
- individuals are engaging less in physical activity during leisure time and using personal electronics more frequently
Unsafe neighbourhoods
- areas of the country where neighbourhoods are considered unsafe may discourage people from spending times outdoors and exercising
List 3 factors contributing to poor diet in Canada.
Food insecurity
- individuals in many parts of Canada do not have access to health food for financial reasons or geographic regions (i.e. rural and remote parts of the country)
Marketing and Promotion
- industry promotion of unhealthy foods to Canadians particularly youth
Wide availability and consumption of processed and prepared food and beverages
- foods that undermine healthy eating (for example sugar sweetened beverages) are widely available in Canadian life including in public institutions like schools
List 4 populations that have high rates of harms from from alcohol use.
- Men
- Young Adults
- Undergraduate Students
- Individuals with low SES
List 4 recommendations from the Canadian low risk drinking guideline.
- Reduce long-term health risks by
- having some non-drinking days per week; and
- drinking no more than 10 drinks per week or 2 drinks per day for women
- drinking no more than 15 drinks per week or 3 drinks per day for men. - Reduce short-term health risks by
- drinking no more than 3 drinks for women and no more than 4 drinks for men in a single sitting/occasion;
- drinking with meals;
- drinking no more than 2 drinks/3 hour;
- alternating alcoholic drinks with non-alcoholic drinks. - )Do not drink when
- pregnant/planning to be pregnant;
- operating any kind of vehicle, tools, heavy machinery;
- engaging in sports or other potentially dangerous physical activities;
- working;
- making important decisions;
- responsible for caring/supervising others;
- using medications / other drugs that can interact with alcohol;
- suffering from serious physical illness/mental illness/alcohol dependence
4.) Delay uptake of drinking until late teens and consistent with local legal drinking age law
List 5 interventions to improve mental health outcomes
Building healthy public policy - trauma informed policies
Create supportive environments - access to housing, employment, basic income
Develop personal skills - teach coping skills, ability to manage conflict, physical activity
Reorient health services - capacity building for health professionals to promote mental health and treat mental illness
Strengthen community action - reduce stigma against mental illness
List 5 interventions to reduce the harms of vaping
Build healthy public policy - regulations on max nicotine content in vaping products, plain packaging, age limits, marketing to youth
Create supportive environments - restrictions on where vaping products can be sold
Develop personal skills - educating youth on vaping related harms, low risk use
Reorient health services - including vaping in periodic health visits
Strengthen community action - work with existing anti-tobacco groups to leverage their action and apply it to vaping
List the 5 level of injury severity pyramid.
- fatal
- hospitalizations
- ED visits
- primary care visits
- not reported
List 2 data sources for Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System
- health insurance registry
- hospitalization databases
- physician billing claims databases
- prescription drug databases
List the top 10 leading cause of death.
As of 2019
Malignant neoplasms
Disease of the heart
Accidents (unintentional injuries)
Cerebrovascular disease
Chronic lower respiratory diseases
Diabetes mellitus
Influenza and pneumonia
Alzheimer’s disease
Intentional self-harm (suicide)
Kidney Disease
List the 4 cancers in terms of both prevelence and mortality.
- Lung cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- Breast cancer
- Prostate cancer
