Health Promotion Flashcards
Primary prevention
Prevent disease through screening or health changes
Secondary prevention
Detect disease through mammograms or colonoscopy
Tertiary prevention
Monitoring survivors for cancer or recurrence
Absolute risk
Cancer incidence in general public
Attributable risk
% of avoidable cancers due to risk factors
Cumulative risk
Total amount of risk of developing cancer
Relative risk
Probability of developing cancer based on risk factors
What type of chemo causes future cancers
Alkylating agents
Name alkylating agents
Busulfan Cytoxan Treanda Carbo Cisplatin Temodar Bendeka Carmustine Dacarbazine Oxaliplatin Ifosfomide
Percentage of skin cancers caused by sun exposure
90%
Calcium is helpful in preventing what cancer
Colon
Three most common cancers worldwide
Lung stomach liver
Three most common cancers in US
Lung breast prostate
No effective screening has been found for what cancer
Skin
Parameters for breast exam
20-39 every 3 years
>40 yearly with mammo
Flexible sigmoidoscopy should be done how often
Every 5 years
Fecal occult stool sample should be done every
Year
Marijuana can cause this tumor marker to be elevated
HCG
Mass screening
Screening a large group or population
Single screening
Screening one individual for a type of cancer such as a mammogram
Selective or prescriptive screening
Screening a high risk group for a cancer
CEA
Colorectal
CA 15-3
Breast
Ca-125
Ovarian
NSE
Small cell lung or neuroblastoma
a-fp
Liver or germ cell
CA 27-29
Breast
LDH
Helpful for surveillance
CA 19-9
Pancreatic
Seven warning signals of cancer mnemonic
Change in bowel or bladder habit A sore that won't heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness
Age for PSA and DRE
50
Age for mammogram
40
Agee for colonoscopy and how often
50 every ten years
Cancer exams
> 40 annually
20-39 q 3 years
Pap smears
Annually for three years once 21 or specially active no longer than three years until three negative Pap smears
Pap smears no longer needed >70
Selection bias
Selection bias occurs when healthier than average people come to screening events
