Genetics

Question 1

Definition of a gene

Answer 1

Individual units of hereditary information located at a specific position on a chromosome and consist of a sequence of DNA that code for a specific protein

Question 2

Many of the genes responsible for familial cancer syndrome appear to be _____

Answer 2

Tumor suppressor cells

Question 3

What is a gene with a change in its DNA pattern?

Answer 3

Mismatch repair gene

Question 4

What does adenine attach to?

Answer 4

Thymine

Question 5

What does guanine attach to?

Answer 5

Cytosine

Question 6

What does thymine attach to?

Answer 6

Adenine

Question 7

What does cytosine attach to?

Answer 7

Guanine

Question 8

What does penetrance refer to?

Answer 8

The cancer risks associated with a specific genetic mutation

Question 9

What are pharmacogenetics?

Answer 9

Drugs specifically designed for the genetic characteristics of a tumor

Question 10

Mutations in BRCA1 cause what cancers?

Answer 10

Breast ovarian and colon

Question 11

Deleterious mutations in p53 are associated with an increased risk for what?

Answer 11

Breast brain leukemias sarcomas and adrenal cortical tumors

Question 12

Deleterious mutations in PTEN are associated with an increased risk for what?

Answer 12

Breast thyroid and endometrium

Question 13

Deleterious mutations in APC are associated with an increased risk for what?

Answer 13

Colon and rectal

Question 14

Frameshift DNA mutations occur when what happens?

Answer 14

When one or more bases are added or deleted from the normal sequence

Question 15

What is a splicing mutation?

Answer 15

When DNA that should be removed from the coding sequence is retained or DNA that should not be added is spliced in

Question 16

What is a DNA translocation

Answer 16

Segments of one chromosome that break off and attach themselves to other chromosomes and

Question 17

Thyroid cancer in combination with breast cancer is associated with what mutation?

Answer 17

PTEN