Health Program Planning, Implementation And Evaluation

Question 1

What is a theory?

Answer 1

A systemic way of understanding events or situations. A set of concepts, definitions and propositions that explain or predict events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables

Question 2

What are the steps in the MAP-IT model?

Answer 2

• Mobilize individuals and organizations that care about health of your community to a coalition
• Assess the areas of greatest need in your community as well as resources and other strengths that you can tap into to address those areas
• plan your approach start with a vision of where you want to be as a community then add strategies and action steps to help you achieve that vision
• implement your plan using concrete action steps that can be monitored and will make a difference
• track your progress over time

Question 3

What is results based management?

Answer 3

A results based approach to designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating projects

Question 4

What are the 6 parts to results based management( RBM)?

Answer 4

• define realistic expected results
• identifying and managing risks
• identifying lessons learnt for decisions in consultation
• focusing on results and not on activities
• using appropriate indicators to monitoring progress towards results
• providing reports that focus on achieved results- not just a compilation of activities

Question 5

Contrast traditional and contemporary program management

Answer 5

Traditional approach- Focused mainly on inputs and activities

Results-based approach= focused on results rather than simply inputs or activities

Question 6

Describe a logical approach to program planning and management

Answer 6

A systematic and structured process in which the process itself is just as important as the product

Taking into account:
cause and effects of actions and outcomes

Necessary conditions

Responsibilities

Timeframe

Results management

Question 7

Who are primary stake holders?

Answer 7

People that will be directly affected

Question 8

Who are secondary stakeholders

Answer 8

People who are not directly affected but have an interest

Question 9

Who are tertiary stake holders?

Answer 9

People who can have a significant impact on the project

Question 10

What is the consultation process?

Answer 10

Consultation is not an occasion to promote or defend a proposal, but to elicit information, comments, and reactions(including concerns)

Question 11

What does health program planning involve?

Answer 11

1. Needs Assessment
2. Identify/prioritize behavioral and environmental factors for change
3. Develop goals, objectives, activities, inputs
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation (piloting, process, summative)

Question 12

What is the purpose of needs assessment in health program planning ?

Answer 12

Determine the difference between the current condition and the desired condition

Needs assessment provide a foundation for planning and a baseline against which to gauge or measure progress

Question 13

What is the focus of the health belief model?

Answer 13

Individuals perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act

Question 14

What is the focus of the stages of changes model?

Answer 14

Individuals motivation and readiness to change a problem behavior

Question 15

What is the focus of the theory of planned behavior?

Answer 15

Individuals attitudes toward a behavior, perceptions of norms, and beliefs about the ease or difficulty of changing

Question 16

What is the focus of the Precaution Adoption Process Model?

Answer 16

Individuals journey from lack of awareness to action and maintenance

Question 17

What is the focus of Social cognitive theory?

Answer 17

Personal factors, environmental factors, human behavior exert influence on each other

Question 18

What is the consultation process?

Answer 18

Consultation is not an occasion to promote or defend a proposal, but to elicit information, comments and reactions and concerns

Question 19

What does health program planning involve?

Answer 19

1. Needs assessment
2. Identify/prioritize behavioral and environmental factors for change
3. Develop goals, objectives, activities and inputs
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation( plotting, process, summarize)

Question 20

What are needs assessment?

Answer 20

• determine the difference between current condition and desired condition
• provide a foundation for planning and a baseline against which to gauge or measure progress

Question 21

Give examples for needs assessment: what to access?

Answer 21

Indicators of physical health: morbidity and mortality rates, prevelance of diseases and risk factors

Indicators of social health: poverty levels, mortgage approval rates, divorce rates, education status

Indicators of mental health: number and types of mental health professionals, self assessed mental health status

Indicators of environmental health: built environment, environmental toxins, housing facilities

Question 22

Give examples of primary data

Answer 22

• One on one interviews
• focus groups
• surveys
• Delphi techniques- open ended questions asked to a panel of experts

Question 23

Give examples of secondary data

Answer 23

Literature review

Existing data sets

Reports, government or otherwise

Other documents

Question 24

List the factors used. To prioritize behavioral and environmental factors for change

Answer 24

Size

Seriousness

Effectiveness of intervention

PEARL-> Propriety, economic feasibility, acceptability
Resources legality

Question 25

Describe each aspect of PEARL and what they mean in prioritizing behavioral and environmental factors of change

Answer 25

Propriety- Does the problem fall into the oeganization’s overall mission?

Economic feasibility- does it make economic sense to address the problem?

Acceptability- will the community accept an intervention to address the problem

Resources- are resources available to address the problem

Legality- do laws allow the problem to be addressed

Question 26

Describe the parts of a results chain/ logic model

Answer 26

1. Input of resources
2. Activities- actions taken to transform inputs into outputs
3. Outputs- end products/ services
4. Outcomes- immediate effects achieved with necessary conditions
5. Long term goals/impact

Question 27

When formulating what should they be?

Answer 27

SMART

Question 28

Describe the SMART acronym used for formulating results

Answer 28

S-specific ( it should specify the nature of change, target groups)

M- measurable ( it can be measured using indicators)

A- achievable(realistic)

R-relevant. (It is an answer to the identifiable need

T- time bound (in can be achieved in the time frame of the project for outputs)

Question 29

What is an indicator?

Answer 29

A unit of measurement which facilitates considers, comprehensive and balanced judgement about a situation

Indicate what will determine success

Question 30

Indicators are subject to __________ that if it’s level changes in the right direction things have gotten better or people are better off

Answer 30

Interpretation

Question 31

What do indicators allow us to do ?

Answer 31

Allow us to set targets and determine if they were achieved

Question 32

What are the types of indicators ?

Answer 32

Quantitative and qualitative indicators

Question 33

Define and give examples of quantitative indicators?

Answer 33

Measures quantity, based on info from census, surveys, enumerations, administrative records etc.

Such as number, frequency, percentage and ratio

Question 34

Define and give examples of qualitative indicators

Answer 34

Defined as people’s judgement and perceptions about a subject.

Quality of extent, degree, level

E.g. quality of service from SGU has improved since 2016

Level of participation of women in decision making increased within 6 months

Degree of satisfaction with the maintenance of the buildings increased by June 2020

Question 35

List the 5 parts of implementation

Answer 35

Program installation

Initial implementation

Full operation

Innovation

Sustainability

Question 36

What are key considerations for an evaluation?

Answer 36

What are the needs of the primary stake holders?

What are the priorities of the primary stakeholders?

What are the components of the logic model?

What are the objectives of the initiatives program?

Question 37

What are the requirements of an evaluation?

Answer 37

Be clear and specific what needs to be assessed

Be linked directly to the program or policy to be implemented or evaluated

Be related to the objectives identified during the development of the program

Be linked to the indicators that allow for direct measurement

Incorporate the needs and expectations

Question 38

What are the 3 stages of evaluation?

Answer 38

Pilot- early stage/pre-Implementation testing program and its potential

Process evaluation- ongoing evaluation during implementation, usually to inform program modifications and adjustments

Summarize evaluation- end of program evaluation (short term- outcome / long term- impact)

Question 39

What is the performance monitoring framework

Answer 39

An RBM tool that allows you to develop a systemic plan for measuring progress towards results

Question 40

What are the functions of performance monitoring framework?

Answer 40

• Documents how progress will be measured so that all stakeholders have a common understanding
• Ensures that performance information is collected regularly and is available when needed for decision-making