Health Program Planning, Implementation And Evaluation Flashcards
What is a theory?
A systemic way of understanding events or situations. A set of concepts, definitions and propositions that explain or predict events or situations by illustrating the relationships between variables
What are the steps in the MAP-IT model?
- Mobilize individuals and organizations that care about health of your community to a coalition
- Assess the areas of greatest need in your community as well as resources and other strengths that you can tap into to address those areas
- plan your approach start with a vision of where you want to be as a community then add strategies and action steps to help you achieve that vision
- implement your plan using concrete action steps that can be monitored and will make a difference
- track your progress over time
What is results based management?
A results based approach to designing, implementing, monitoring and evaluating projects
What are the 6 parts to results based management( RBM)?
- define realistic expected results
- identifying and managing risks
- identifying lessons learnt for decisions in consultation
- focusing on results and not on activities
- using appropriate indicators to monitoring progress towards results
- providing reports that focus on achieved results- not just a compilation of activities
Contrast traditional and contemporary program management
Traditional approach- Focused mainly on inputs and activities
Results-based approach= focused on results rather than simply inputs or activities
Describe a logical approach to program planning and management
A systematic and structured process in which the process itself is just as important as the product
Taking into account:
cause and effects of actions and outcomes
Necessary conditions
Responsibilities
Timeframe
Results management
Who are primary stake holders?
People that will be directly affected
Who are secondary stakeholders
People who are not directly affected but have an interest
Who are tertiary stake holders?
People who can have a significant impact on the project
What is the consultation process?
Consultation is not an occasion to promote or defend a proposal, but to elicit information, comments, and reactions(including concerns)
What does health program planning involve?
- Needs Assessment
- Identify/prioritize behavioral and environmental factors for change
- Develop goals, objectives, activities, inputs
- Implementation
- Evaluation (piloting, process, summative)
What is the purpose of needs assessment in health program planning ?
Determine the difference between the current condition and the desired condition
Needs assessment provide a foundation for planning and a baseline against which to gauge or measure progress
What is the focus of the health belief model?
Individuals perceptions of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act
What is the focus of the stages of changes model?
Individuals motivation and readiness to change a problem behavior
What is the focus of the theory of planned behavior?
Individuals attitudes toward a behavior, perceptions of norms, and beliefs about the ease or difficulty of changing
What is the focus of the Precaution Adoption Process Model?
Individuals journey from lack of awareness to action and maintenance
What is the focus of Social cognitive theory?
Personal factors, environmental factors, human behavior exert influence on each other
What is the consultation process?
Consultation is not an occasion to promote or defend a proposal, but to elicit information, comments and reactions and concerns
What does health program planning involve?
- Needs assessment
- Identify/prioritize behavioral and environmental factors for change
- Develop goals, objectives, activities and inputs
- Implementation
- Evaluation( plotting, process, summarize)
What are needs assessment?
- determine the difference between current condition and desired condition
- provide a foundation for planning and a baseline against which to gauge or measure progress
Give examples for needs assessment: what to access?
Indicators of physical health: morbidity and mortality rates, prevelance of diseases and risk factors
Indicators of social health: poverty levels, mortgage approval rates, divorce rates, education status
Indicators of mental health: number and types of mental health professionals, self assessed mental health status
Indicators of environmental health: built environment, environmental toxins, housing facilities
Give examples of primary data
- One on one interviews
- focus groups
- surveys
- Delphi techniques- open ended questions asked to a panel of experts
Give examples of secondary data
Literature review
Existing data sets
Reports, government or otherwise
Other documents
List the factors used. To prioritize behavioral and environmental factors for change
Size
Seriousness
Effectiveness of intervention
PEARL-> Propriety, economic feasibility, acceptability
Resources legality
Describe each aspect of PEARL and what they mean in prioritizing behavioral and environmental factors of change
Propriety- Does the problem fall into the oeganization’s overall mission?
Economic feasibility- does it make economic sense to address the problem?
Acceptability- will the community accept an intervention to address the problem
Resources- are resources available to address the problem
Legality- do laws allow the problem to be addressed
Describe the parts of a results chain/ logic model
- Input of resources
- Activities- actions taken to transform inputs into outputs
- Outputs- end products/ services
- Outcomes- immediate effects achieved with necessary conditions
- Long term goals/impact
When formulating what should they be?
SMART
Describe the SMART acronym used for formulating results
S-specific ( it should specify the nature of change, target groups)
M- measurable ( it can be measured using indicators)
A- achievable(realistic)
R-relevant. (It is an answer to the identifiable need
T- time bound (in can be achieved in the time frame of the project for outputs)
What is an indicator?
A unit of measurement which facilitates considers, comprehensive and balanced judgement about a situation
Indicate what will determine success
Indicators are subject to __________ that if it’s level changes in the right direction things have gotten better or people are better off
Interpretation
What do indicators allow us to do ?
Allow us to set targets and determine if they were achieved
What are the types of indicators ?
Quantitative and qualitative indicators
Define and give examples of quantitative indicators?
Measures quantity, based on info from census, surveys, enumerations, administrative records etc.
Such as number, frequency, percentage and ratio
Define and give examples of qualitative indicators
Defined as people’s judgement and perceptions about a subject.
Quality of extent, degree, level
E.g. quality of service from SGU has improved since 2016
Level of participation of women in decision making increased within 6 months
Degree of satisfaction with the maintenance of the buildings increased by June 2020
List the 5 parts of implementation
Program installation
Initial implementation
Full operation
Innovation
Sustainability
What are key considerations for an evaluation?
What are the needs of the primary stake holders?
What are the priorities of the primary stakeholders?
What are the components of the logic model?
What are the objectives of the initiatives program?
What are the requirements of an evaluation?
Be clear and specific what needs to be assessed
Be linked directly to the program or policy to be implemented or evaluated
Be related to the objectives identified during the development of the program
Be linked to the indicators that allow for direct measurement
Incorporate the needs and expectations
What are the 3 stages of evaluation?
Pilot- early stage/pre-Implementation testing program and its potential
Process evaluation- ongoing evaluation during implementation, usually to inform program modifications and adjustments
Summarize evaluation- end of program evaluation (short term- outcome / long term- impact)
What is the performance monitoring framework
An RBM tool that allows you to develop a systemic plan for measuring progress towards results
What are the functions of performance monitoring framework?
- Documents how progress will be measured so that all stakeholders have a common understanding
- Ensures that performance information is collected regularly and is available when needed for decision-making
