Health Inequalities

Question 1

What is the life expectancy in Africa? In Europe?

Answer 1

Africa = under 50 Europe: 80

Question 2

What is the life expectancy in Sierra Leone? In Japan?

Answer 2

SL = 34 Japan = 81.9

Question 3

What is the probability of a man dying between 15-60 in Lesotho? In Sweden?

Answer 3

Lesotho = 90.2%
Sweden = 8.3%

Question 4

Names Inequalities

Answer 4

L: Villermé & Chadwick, Amartya Sen, Link & Phelan, Clark & Royer
R: Kawachi, Muenning, Wilkinson, Marmot

Question 5

SEP Definition

Answer 5

Socioeconomic Position = social and economic factors that influence what position individuals hold within the structure of society.

Question 6

Inequality Definition

Answer 6

Inequality = differences without implying a normative judgment.

Question 7

Inequity Definition

Answer 7

Inequity = Referring to differences which are unfair.

Question 8

Justice Definition

Answer 8

Justice = Impartial distribution of goods.

Question 9

Absolute Income Hypothesis =

Answer 9

AIH = above the level where basic needs are met, added income has fewer health benefits (= materialist).

Question 10

Relative Income Hypothesis =

Answer 10

RIH = relative gap between an individual’s income and the income of the individual’s surrounding (=psycho-social).

Question 11

Relative Rank Hypothesis =

Answer 11

RRH = relative position within a hierarchy that a given income confers on that individual.

Question 12

R: Health Inequalities
K…: 7
M…: 2

Answer 12

Kawachi: - AIH

• RIH
• RRH
• Colinearity between AIH and RIH
• Education
• Reverse causation and cofounding
• Unanswered question: economic shock and permanent income / stage of life at which money matters most for health

Muenning: - Wilkinson and Marmot: just societies are healthier
- poverty is the most underlying health problems, falling governance.