Health - Exam Revision Flashcards
What is a limitation of the health definition?
This is a broad definition, and although it moves beyond disease or infirmity, it does not give everyone the opportunity to be healthy.
Define mortality
Refers to deaths in a population
Define morbidity
Refers to ill health in an individual or levels of ill health in a population
Define burden of disease
A measure of the impact of disease and injuries; more specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation in which we all live to an old age free of disease or injury. Measured in DALYs.
Define DALY
Disability Adjusted Life Years is a measure of burden of disease, and one daly equals one year lost to premature death or years spent living with a disease or injury.
Define YLL and YLD
YLL- Years of life lost, a measure of how many years of expected life are lost due to premature death
YLD- Years Lost due to Disability, a measure of how many ‘healthy’ years of life are lost due to injury, disease, or disability.
Define individual human development
The series of orderly, predictable changes that occur from conception until death. Development can be physical, intellectual, emotional or social.
Define hormones
A chemical messenger that results in changes in the body.
Puberty
Biological changes that occur during youth to prepare an individual for sexual reproduction.
Define primary sex characteristics
Body parts that are directly involved in reproduction and form ‘genitals’ and other reproductive organs.
Define health status
The overall level of health in a population
Define fine motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of small muscle groups
Define protective factor
Something in a person’s life that limits the potential for harm
Define secondary sex characteristics
Body changes that are not directly involved in sexual reproduction but indicate sexual maturity.
Define gross motor skills
The manipulation and coordination of large muscle groups
Define life expectancy
An indication of how long a person can be expected to live if death rates remain unchanged.
Define physical health and give an example
Physical- Refers to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness.
Eg. Growth, complexity
Define Mental health and give an example
A state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his/her own abilities, can cope well with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his/her community.
Eg. Confidence, self-esteem levels
Define Social health and give an example
Being able to interact with others and participate in the community, both independently or cooperatively.
Eg. Quality of relationship with peers or family
Identify two nutrients and state their function
Carbohydrates- Used as fuel for energy, provides 16kj per gram
Fats- Fuel for energy, provides 37kj per gram
Protein- Used to build, maintain and repair body cells, as well as fuel for energy.
Iron- Essential for blood volume, makes up the ‘haem’ part of haemoglobin
Vitamin C- Essential in producing collagen
Vitamin D- Essential in absorbing calcium through the intestine and into the bloodstream
Calcium- Used for the strengthening of bones and other hard tissues
Define all four determinants of health
Biological- Factors relating to the body that influence health, such as genetics, hormones, body weight, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and birth weight.
Behavioural- The actions or patterns of an individual or group that can affect health.
Physical environment- The physical surroundings in which we work, live and play.
Social environment- aspects of society and the social environment that impact on health, such as poverty, early life experiences, social networks and support
Explain the difference between incidence and prevalence
Prevalence refers to the proportion of cases of a certain condition or disease in a population at a certain time, whereas incidence refers to the rate of new cases of a condition present in a population at a given period.
Define Medicare
Australia’s universal health care scheme. It gives Australian citizens and permanent residents access to health care that is subsidised by the government.
What are some health services available to youth?
- A doctor who bulks bills
- Getting treatment as a public patient in a public hospital
- Tests and examinations by doctors
- X-Rays and pathology tests