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GLGY 308 Final > Health Effects of Oil Spills > Flashcards

Health Effects of Oil Spills Flashcards

1
Q

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill location

A

Gulf of Mexico near Mississipi Delta US

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2
Q

Estimated discharge of oil in Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A

4.9 million barrels

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3
Q

Cause of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A

Wellhead blowout

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4
Q

Fault of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A

BP and rig opperator Transocean and contractor Halliburton

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5
Q

Criminal reasoning for Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A

Gross negligence, cost-cutting decisions, and inadequate safety system

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6
Q

Where is oil said to be imbedded all the way in Florida Panhandle and Tampa Bay

A

In the sand

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7
Q

Infant dolphins died at this rate after the spill

A

6x normal

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8
Q

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill affect on tuna

A

Heart deformaties

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9
Q

Poster animal for oil spill, why

A

Turtle, affected at every stage of life

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10
Q

Main effect of oil spill on birds

A

Cannot thermoregulate, spend all their time preening

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11
Q

Baseline data

A

Data about the area prior to an event or disaster

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12
Q

Corexit

A

Chemical dispersant that sinks to the seafloor when mixed with oil

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13
Q

Evidence of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill found on the Gulf Coast

A

oily sea foam, tar balls

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14
Q

Medical issues after 5 years since the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A

chronic cough, skin rash, memory loss

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15
Q

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill effects on real estate market

A

Houses spent a long time on the market

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16
Q

Methods of containing oil in when spilled

A
  1. skimmer ships
  2. floating containment booms
  3. controlled burns
  4. oil-eating microbes
  5. Corexit
17
Q

Criticism of containment booms

A
  • Only effective in relatively calm water
  • wash up on shore with oil
  • oil can escape above or below boom
18
Q

Mixture of emulsifier and solvent that breaks oil down into small droplets that may be more readily biodegradable

A

Corexit

19
Q

Dispersant trade-offs

A

exposing coastal life to surface oil and exposing aquatic life to dispersed oil

20
Q

Concerns with Corexit

A
  • possible cancer causing agents
  • hazardous toxins
  • endocrine-disrupting chemicals
21
Q

Georgia Tech 2012 study

A

Corexit increased toxicity of oil by 52x

22
Q

Excessive exposure may cause CNS effects, nausea and vommitting, anesthetic or narcotic effects

A

Corexit

23
Q

Banned in the UK

A

Corexit

24
Q

Clean-up workers of Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

A
  • increased risk for cancer and leukemia
  • altered blood profiles, liver enzymes
25
Q

Deepwater Horizon

A

Mobile, floating, dynamically positioned drilling rig that could opperate in waters up to 10,000ft deep

26
Q

9:45pm on April 20, 2010

A

high-pressure methane gas from well expanded into drilling riser and rose into drilling rig, which exploded and engulfed the platform

27
Q

Macondo well

A

Area of the oil reservoir being used in Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

28
Q

Kick

A

unplanned flow of well fluids into wellbore

29
Q

Blowout

A

uncontrolled release of flammable oil and gas from the well

30
Q

Features of blowout preventer

A
  • can close pipes
  • circular annular preventers
  • blind shear rams
31
Q

Why did the pipe buckle in Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and what effects did this have

A

Buckling caused by compression from large pressure difference inside and outside the pipe (pipe was closed at the top but oil continued to flow in from the bottom)

Buckling caused the blind shear rams to fail

32
Q

Financial consequences for BP

A

42.2 billion and additional 18.7 billion in fines

GLGY 308 Final (11 decks)

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