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Rabbit Bowl > Health & Diseases > Flashcards

Health & Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What do you call an inflammation of the inner membrane of the eyelid and sometimes the portion of the membrane that covers the white of the eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

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2
Q

What is the inflammation of the mammary glands?

A

Mastitis

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3
Q

What venereal disease is indicated by a scabby, reddened sex organ, often exuding pus?

A

Vent disease

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4
Q

What is an abnormal discharge from the eye, resulting in severe matting in the area below the eye?

A

Weeping Eye

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5
Q

What is an infection localized in the nose, usually characterized by repeated sneezing and the discharge of a white purulent fluid from the nose called?

A

Cold or snuffles

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6
Q

What is bloom?

A

The vitality and finish of a coat in good condition.

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7
Q

What is a protrusion of an organ or part through connective tissue or through a wall of the cavity in which it is normally enclosed?

A

Hernia

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8
Q

What is metritis?

A

Inflammation of the uterus

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9
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Inflammation of the lungs

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10
Q

Name a disease caused by a fungus.

A

Ringworm

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11
Q

Name five bacterial diseases.

A

mastitis, vent disease, conjunctivitis, metritis, pneumonia, listeriosis, salmonellosis, abscesses, pasteurelosis (snuffles), tyzzer’s disease, enterotoxemia

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12
Q

Name two external parasites.

A

botflies, fur mites, mange mites, ear mites, lice, fleas

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13
Q

Name three internal parasites.

A

Pin Worms, Tapeworm, Whipworms, Nosema, Coccidiosis

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14
Q

What is coprophagy?

A

Eating of dung

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15
Q

What is the term for an organism that lives on or within the host animal?

A

Parasite

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16
Q

What is slobbers?

A

Excessive salivation creating wet or moist and unsightly fur around the mouth, lower jaws and forelegs.

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17
Q

What is another term for coprophagy?

A

Cecotrophy

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18
Q

What is another term for night feces?

A

Cecotropes

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19
Q

What is VHD?

A

Viral Hemorrhagic Disease

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20
Q

What is the most important nutrient of the rabbit?

A

Water

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21
Q

What is the minimum amount of time you should quarantine new rabbits brought into your rabbitry?

A

3-4 weeks

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22
Q

When is Tyzzer’s Disease most common?

A

3 to 8 week old rabbits

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23
Q

What should you do with a rabbit that has infectious myxomatosis?

A

Euthanasia

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24
Q

What disease is caused by the bacteria of Listeria?

A

Listeriosis

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25
Q

What is the prevention for mucoid enteritis?

A

Keep stress low, high fiber diet

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26
Q

What bacteria causes Salmonella?

A

Salmonellosis

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27
Q

What do you call inflammation of the uterus?

A

Metritis

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28
Q

What disease has these clinical signs - acute diarrhea, dehydration, death?

A

Enterotoxemia

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29
Q

This is a fungal disease that can affect humans?

A

Ringworm

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30
Q

When does young doe death syndrome occur?

A

1-2 weeks after kindling

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31
Q

Why don’t you lend out your herd buck?

A

Could contract vent disease

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32
Q

What are the causes of early nestbox fatality?

A

Failure to lactate, metritis, nestboxes fouled with urine and feces, milk enterotoxemia (excessive milk production)

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33
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tyzzer’s Disease?

A

Acute diarrhea, rapid wasting of flesh condition and death may occur within 1-3 days. Upon necropsy, an inflamed cecum and small white spots on the liver may be observed.

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34
Q

What can also cause weepy eye, wry neck and inflammation of other organs?

A

Abscesses

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35
Q

How is vent disease spread?

A

Through mating and at kindling

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36
Q

How are foot abscesses prevented?

A

Strict sanitation and look at cages for sharp protruding objects

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37
Q

What is another term for keratitis?

A

Corneal Ulcer

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38
Q

What is another term for pregnancy toxemia?

A

Ketosis

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39
Q

Name four causes of fur chewing.

A

Low fiber, boredom, development of enteritis, vice

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40
Q

What are the clinical signs of nosema?

A

There are none

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41
Q

Where on the rabbit is ringworm commonly seen and at what age?

A

On feet and legs of young rabbits

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42
Q

Infectious Myxomatosis Virus is transmitted by what?

A

Arthropod host (mosquitoes, flies, gnats or fleas)

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43
Q

How do you treat wet dewlap?

A

Clip the hair and apply antibiotic ointment to the area

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44
Q

How do you treat fur mites?

A

Cat flea powder

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45
Q

What is another name for Dermatophytosis?

A

Ringworm

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46
Q

What is another name for Torticollis?

A

Wry neck

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47
Q

How do you prevent sore eyes?

A

Keep nest box clean, take nest box out at 12-16 days after kindling

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48
Q

What age does Tyzzer’s Disease affect?

A

All ages

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49
Q

The rabbit is an intermediate host for how many tapeworms for dogs and cats?

A

Dogs - 2

Cats - 1

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50
Q

What should you do with a rabbit suspected to have VHD?

A

Contact vet and local officials

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51
Q

What is the cause of glaucoma?

A

Genetic defect or drainage problem that leads to increased pressure within the eye

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52
Q

Which rabbits are most susceptible to hemorrhagic septicemia?

A

Fryer rabbits

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53
Q

How often should you clean trays in cages?

A

At least once a week

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54
Q

What are the two types of fiber in rabbit breeds?

A

Wool and fur

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55
Q

How often should you use a blower on Angora rabbit?

A

Two times a week

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56
Q

What type of wood shavings should never be used in pans?

A

Cedar

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57
Q

What is a skin disease that is caused by parasitic mites?

A

Mange

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58
Q

This disease is characterized by itching, lesions, scabs and loss of hair.

A

Mange

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59
Q

What disease is caused by the botfly?

A

Warbles

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60
Q

What are the differences between Intestinal Coccidiosis and Hepatic Coccidiosis?

A

There are none

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61
Q

Breeds with “Bulldog” head type are predisposed to this problem?

A

Weepy Eye (conjunctivitis)

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62
Q

What is the prevention for enteritis complex?

A

Keep stress low, high fiber diet and limit feed intake

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63
Q

This disease is caused by a local intestinal insult such as a bacterial or viral infection, coccidia, or nutritional problems?

A

Enteritis Complex

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64
Q

The myxoma virus is a member in what family?

A

Poxviridae

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65
Q

How do you prevent ketosis?

A

Do not let replacement does get overly fat

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66
Q

How do you prevent fur blockage?

A

Administer small amount of mineral oil or Vaseline, Papaya tablets

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67
Q

What is the treatment for caked breast?

A

Withhold feed for 72 hours, only provide hay and water, and strip any milk present in the affected gland

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68
Q

Too much fresh fruit and vegetables added to a rabbit’s diet can cause what?

A

Fatal diarrhea

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69
Q

What are the two types of Coccidiosis and how do you treat them?

A

Intestinal and Hepatic - same treatment for both, use a coccidiostat

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70
Q

This may be caused by an alteration in the normal bacterial flora of the intestinal tract?

A

Non Specific Diarrhea

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71
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of hutch burn?

A

Chapped or scalded area around the external genitalia, and the inside of the hind legs

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72
Q

What is the prevention for ringworm?

A

Herd isolation, disinfection of cages and equipment, and rodent and predator control.

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73
Q

What is aglactia?

A

When a doe fails to produce milk

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74
Q

What is the cause of young doe death syndrome?

A

Enterotoxemia or Mastitis

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75
Q

What are clinical signs of warbles?

A

Swelling or lumps around neck or shoulders, but may be found anywhere on the body. Look for breathing hole for the larvae.

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76
Q

What is another term blue breast?

A

Mastitis

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77
Q

What is another term for rabbit syphilis?

A

Vent disease

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78
Q

What is the drug of choice for both intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis?

A

Sulfaquinoxaline

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79
Q

Wry neck, abscesses and respiratory diseases are associated with what?

A

Excess ammonia in the air

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80
Q

What does ammonia in the air of a rabbitry cause?

A

Respiratory diseases

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81
Q

What extract can reduce the ammonia formation to be released in to the air?

A

Yucca plant

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82
Q

What are the clinical signs of caked breast?

A

Swollen, hard, painful, and milk filled breast

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83
Q

What do you offer a rabbit that has diarrhea?

A

Hay

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84
Q

What was the main ingredient for the original rabbit ration?

A

Alfalfa hay

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85
Q

What are the clinical signs of corneal ulcer (Keratitis)?

A

Increased tearing, squinting, and a bluish color on surface of the eye

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86
Q

What is the cause of corneal ulcer?

A

Trauma such as a scratch to the corneal surface or lack of moisture on the surface of the eye

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87
Q

When and where was Viral Hemorrhagic Disease first reported?

A

1984 in China

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88
Q

What are the clinical signs of dystocia?

A

Doe sits in nestbox for long periods, straining and at times passing a large amount of blood. One or more kits partially eaten or cannibalism of young.

89
Q

What is dystocia?

A

difficult birth or kindling

90
Q

What are the clinical signs of malocclusion?

A

Elongation of upper and/or lower incisor teeth

91
Q

What is the prevention for Tyzzer’s Disease?

A

Prevent exposure to the organism through excellent sanitation, herd isolation and rodent control.

92
Q

What is the prevention for Whipworms?

A

Strict sanitation and isolation of the rabbitry from pets, rodents and predators.

93
Q

If your doe should go off of feed after kindling, what is the first thing you should suspect?

A

Mastitis

94
Q

If your doe should go off feed during pregnancy, what should you suspect?

A

Ketosis

95
Q

What are the clinical signs of Pinworms?

A

Infestation may lead to slow growth rate, poor condition, and decrease in resistance to other enteric disease. They may be difficult to get in fur condition.

96
Q

Snuffles is caused by what bacteria?

A

Pasteurella multocida

97
Q

Otitis media is inflammation of what?

A

Middle ear

98
Q

What is a simple cure for ketosis?

A

Provide a crock of water that is sweetened

99
Q

What is the natural cooling system for the rabbit?

A

Their ears

100
Q

Myxomatosis is caused by what?

A

The myxoma virus

101
Q

What is the plural of louse?

A

Lice

102
Q

Isolated animals should be fed and watered when?

A

After the rest of the herd has been cared for.

103
Q

VHD has caused mortality rates as high as what percent in some areas?

A

80-95%

104
Q

Viral Hemorrhagic Disease is caused by a calicivirus and is transmitted how?

A

Through the fecal/oral route

105
Q

This is due to a dislocation and/or fracture of the spinal vertebra?

A

Paralysis of the hindquarter

106
Q

Kits found dead with bellies full of milk is a clinical sign of what?

A

Milk Enterotoxemia

107
Q

What is the prevention for Milk Enterotoxemia?

A

Bring doe to full feed gradually to control milk production.

108
Q

What should animals with ringworm be treated with daily?

A

Iodine on affected area

109
Q

Clinical signs of what disease include difficulty breathing and a bluish color to the lips, tongue and ears? At necropsy inflammation of the lungs and thickened fluid filled tissue may be observed.

A

Pneumonia

110
Q

Clinical signs of what disease include sudden death, abortion, failure to eat, and weight loss? At necropsy gray-white spots may be observed on the liver and spleen.

A

Listeriosis

111
Q

How do you treat weepy eye?

A

Apply ophthalmic ointment 2-4 times per day for 3-4 days

112
Q

How do you prevent pinworms?

A

Use of dewormer and sanitation

113
Q

What is the prevention for Salmonellosis?

A

Good disease control techniques, isolation of herd additions

114
Q

What is the treatment for warbles?

A

Enlarge the breathing hole and remove the parasite. After removal apply antiseptic ointment.

115
Q

What happens if you overfeed a rabbit?

A

Gets too fat

116
Q

What is the treatment for milk enterotoxemia?

A

Reduce feed intake

117
Q

What happens if a rabbit is startled while eating cecotropes?

A

Drop them

118
Q

Spaying a doe can prevent what disease?

A

Uterine Cancer

119
Q

Increased incidences of respiratory diseases, wry neck and abscesses are caused by what?

A

Increase in ammonia levels

120
Q

Infectious Myxomatosis is primarily seen where and when?

A

Coastal area of California and Oregon during May to August

121
Q

What is the prevention for aglactia?

A

Observe lactating does closely

122
Q

When does aglactia occur?

A

Kindling time

123
Q

What are the clinical signs of early nestbox fatality?

A

Kits dead in nest between days two and ten

124
Q

What are the clinical signs of young doe death syndrome?

A

Does die suddenly 1-2 weeks after kindling

125
Q

What is a precursor of mastitis?

A

Caked Breast

126
Q

What is the prevention for paralysis of the hindquarter?

A

Proper handling

127
Q

At what age does VHD affect rabbits?

A

After 8 weeks

128
Q

Hormones have a vast effect upon what?

A

Fur and Flesh

129
Q

How old should a female rabbit be to get spayed?

A

5 to 6 months

130
Q

At what age can you have a male rabbit neutered?

A

12 weeks

131
Q

Why should animals above twelve pounds be kept on solid floors?

A

Prevent sore hocks

132
Q

Why would you provide a solid platform for rabbit to rest on?

A

Prevent sore hocks

133
Q

Why should you apply cat flea powder three weeks after first treatment?

A

To ensure total control of life cycle

134
Q

What is the treatment for Tyzzer’s Disease?

A

No specific treatment has been identified

135
Q

What can overcrowding cause?

A

Increase in disease and stress

136
Q

Why should you never use cedar shavings?

A

May cause upper respiratory problems

137
Q

What condition is similar to that observed with vent disease?

A

Hutch Burn (Urine burn)

138
Q

Water makes up as much as what percent of the living body?

A

85%

139
Q

Name 3 ways the body uses water

A

Transports nutrients to cells, returning waste to lungs and kidneys, carries waste from the body, lubricates joints, helps maintain body temperature, keeps eyes moist

140
Q

What is essential to wear the daily growth off of rabbit’s teeth regularly?

A

Upper incisors overlap the lower incisors

141
Q

An ample supply of good, clean water is essential for what?

A

Maximum growth and best quality of fur

142
Q

What organ does pneumonia affect?

A

Lungs

143
Q

What weather do you need to protect rabbits from?

A

Extreme heat and cold

144
Q

What condition is caused by dirty wet cages or urine guards that allow splashing of urine back on the rabbit while urinating?

A

Hutch Burn or Urine Burn

145
Q

If caught early enough, what can you treat mastitis with?

A

Penicillin

146
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include head shaking, scratching at the ears, accumulation of “scabby” material on the inside of the ear due to loss of blood and serum, with resulting secondary bacterial infection.

A

Ear mites

147
Q

What is the treatment of ear mites?

A

Daily application of oil in the ear canal for 3 days, repeating treatment at 10 day intervals as needed to suffocate the mites

148
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include loss of hair in a circular fashion with a “sore” in the middle.

A

Ringworm

149
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include a lump found anywhere on the body, however, commonly found around the head and shoulders.

A

Abscesses

150
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include pasty diarrhea, mainly in young rabbits, high temperature and coma usually precede death.

A

Salmonellosis

151
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include a “jelly-like” secretion in the stool, pot belly and water bottle like abdominal cavity. On necropsy the cecum is impacted and intestinal tract is filled with jelly-like material.

A

Mucoid Enteritis

152
Q

Odor from the trays can be kept at a minimum by adding one teaspoonful of what after trays are cleaned?

A

Baking Soda

153
Q

What small worm is approximately 1/4 inch in length, resides in the large intestine and sometimes can be found on or around the anus?

A

Pinworm

154
Q

What is the treatment for malocclusion?

A

Cull

155
Q

What is the prevention for malocclusion?

A

Selective culling

156
Q

What are the advantages of a long, narrow rabbitry building?

A

Ease of ventilation and disease control

157
Q

How do you keep water bottles clean?

A

Clorox solution and a bottlebrush

158
Q

This condition is normal in some rabbits and is due to incomplete metabolism in some animals, of compounds present in some animal feeds.

A

Red Urine

159
Q

Clinical signs of this condition include red colored urine that does not contain “blood clots” or “blood flecks”.

A

Red Urine

160
Q

This condition is caused by overcrowding, sexually mature males housed together in grower cages, and lack of adequate food and water?

A

Fighting

161
Q

What is an infection localized in the nose, usually characterized by repeated sneezing and the discharge of a white purulent fluid from the nose called?

A

Cold or Snuffles

162
Q

What disease has these clinical signs - acute diarrhea, dehydration, death? Upon necropsy an enlarged cecum with red discoloration is sometimes seen.

A

Enterotoxemia

163
Q

This disease is characterized by itching, lesions, scabs and loss of hair.

A

Mange

164
Q

What is another name for weepy eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

165
Q

What disease causes inflammation of the intestinal tract?

A

Enteritis Complex

166
Q

What are the clinical signs of Enteritis Complex?

A

Pot-bellied, sitting with feet in water, diarrhea and death

167
Q

What is the ideal environmental temperature range for a rabbit?

A

55 to 70 degrees

168
Q

What is the treatment for foot abscesses?

A

Soak foot in an iodine solution 2-3 times per day for 3 days

169
Q

What is built up if there is excessive moisture in your rabbitry and what does it cause?

A

Ammonia - respiratory infections

170
Q

Which medical problem in rabbits can be prevented with improved ventilation?

A

Pasteurelosis or Pneumonia

171
Q

What are the clinical signs of sore eyes in kits?

A

Eyelids stuck shut, eyes fail to open at 10 days old, white pus

172
Q

Condition in which one or both of the eyelids fold inward is called what?

A

Entropion

173
Q

Metritis is oftentimes associated with a difficult birth and/or what?

A

Retained placenta or Feti

174
Q

What type of feeds are associated with Enterotoxemia?

A

High in energy with low fiber

175
Q

What is the prevention of heat prostration?

A

Keep air moving in the rabbitry. Place frozen water bottles in rabbit’s cage.

176
Q

What is the prognosis for vent disease?

A

Excellent if all affected and contact animals are treated

177
Q

What are two other terms for hair blockage?

A

Wool Blockage, Fur Block, Fur Ball

178
Q

What is the prevention for slobbers?

A

Feed a dry ration. Avoid feeding contaminated hay or straw.

179
Q

An ample supply of good, clean water is essential for what?

A

Maximum growth and best quality of fur

180
Q

During the growing stage, it is very important that one does not push the animal to gain weight rapidly to condition for show but allow the animal to do what?

A

Develop their skeletal structure and muscles before conditioning for show

181
Q

Any time a rabbit goes “off feed” what could be the cause?

A

Imbalance of organisms in the cecum

182
Q

Upset of the balance of the microorganisms in the cecum may increase the incidences of what?

A

Diarrhea, premature molting, loss of flesh condition and death

183
Q

Grinding teeth usually indicates what?

A

Pain

184
Q

What is the prevention for vent disease?

A

Quarantine new herd additions, don’t loan out herd buck, check breeding animals before mating

185
Q

Removal of the nest box at 12-16 days after kindling can prevent what?

A

Sore Eyes

186
Q

What is the prevention for Glaucoma?

A

Eliminate animals that carry this genetic defect

187
Q

What is the prevention for caked breast?

A

Withhold feed prior to kindling, at weaning and upon death of a litter

188
Q

Which parasite is a very small insect that can infest rabbits and often all that will be seen is dandruff, usually at the back of the neck, but can be found on other areas?

A

Mite

189
Q

What are some behaviors a rabbit may express if they are angry?

A

Growling, lunging, ears pulled back, thumping

190
Q

Animals who demonstrate stereotypic behavior, such as pacing back and forth; moving of feed and water dishes for no reason; constant chewing at water bottles; pulling at wire; or any other repetitive behavior, are recommended to be given what?

A

Environmental enrichment (toys)

191
Q

Mucoid Enteritis is most common in which rabbit?

A

Fryers

192
Q

What will happen to the rabbit if diarrhea is untreated?

A

Death

193
Q

What age does Young Doe Death Syndrome usually occur?

A

First litter does but can be seen in older does

194
Q

What is the prevention for Weepy Eye?

A

Control respiratory disease and eliminate any source of trauma in the cage. Quarantine all new stock for 30 days.

195
Q

Clinical signs of this disease includes doe failing to make a nest for kits and scatters the kits on the wire or floor? Young die due to exposure.

A

Scattering of Young at Kindling

196
Q

Where would you find a corneal ulcer; ears, eyes or skin?

A

Eyes

197
Q

Why should you never pick a rabbit up by the ears?

A

Painful and may damage the cartilage at the base of the ear

198
Q

When is mastitis most common?

A

At weaning and right after kindling

199
Q

What is the cause of sore eyes?

A

Local bacterial infection

200
Q

What is the cause of paralysis of the hindquarters?

A

Dislocation or fracture of spine

201
Q

The clinical signs of this disease include difficult birth of an extremely large feti, often 3-4 days past normal kindling time. Doe may sit and strain in the nest box for long periods. May have bloody discharge.

A

Fetal Giantism

202
Q

What is the pH number of the nursing does slightly acidic stomach content?

A

5.6 to 6.0

203
Q

What is the pH number of the normal rabbits very acidic stomach content?

A

1.6 to 1.9

204
Q

Why do feeders and water receptacles need to be periodically cleaned with appropriate cleaning agent?

A

Reduce bacteria, mold and algae buildup

205
Q

What is the treatment for pneumonia?

A

Use a broad-spectrum antibiotic

206
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include the mammary gland being inflamed, swollen, hot and discolored.

A

Mastitis

207
Q

What is the prevention for mastitis?

A

Close observation of lactating does

208
Q

Clinical signs of which disease include matted fur at the corner of the eye and under the lower lid of the eye. Discharge may be seen on the surface of the eye. The tissue around the eye may appear red or irritated.

A

Weepy Eye

209
Q

What is the prevention for pneumonia?

A

Isolate affected animals, ensure adequate ventilation, minimize stress

210
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include intermittent or persistent sneezing with a productive nasal discharge that is thin or thick and white in color.

A

Pasteurelosis

211
Q

What is the prevention for enterotoxemia?

A

Feed diet high in fiber and low in total energy

212
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include failure to eat, high temperature, severe conjunctivitis, inflammation and edema of the genital area and ears, respiratory infection in later stages, and death.

A

Infectious Myxomatosis

213
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include pot-bellied, sitting with feet in water, diarrhea and death?

A

Enteritis Complex

214
Q

What is the prevention for infectious myxomatosis?

A

Mosquito and vector control

215
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include kits dehydrate, become listless, fur becomes rough, and kits eventually die.

A

Aglactia

216
Q

What is the prevention for warbles?

A

Control flies in the rabbitry

217
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include the rabbit drags the rear legs and does not have motor control or sensory control in the rear legs. Control of bladder and bowel may be absent.

A

Paralysis of the Hindquarter

218
Q

What can you prevent if there is good ventilation in your rabbitry?

A

Common respiratory diseases (Pneumonia, Snuffles), Temperature, Humidity

219
Q

Clinical signs of this disease include increased respiratory rate, wetness around the mouth, head may be held high so rabbit can mouth breath, and may be a blue tinge to ears and mouth.

A

Heat Prostration

Rabbit Bowl (10 decks)

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