Health, Disease and Medicine

Question 1

what is the definition of health?

Answer 1

a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity

Question 2

what is a disease?

Answer 2

where part of an organism doesn’t function properly

Question 3

what is a communicable disease?

Answer 3

a disease that can be spread

Question 4

what is a non communicable disease?

Answer 4

a disease that can’t be spread

Question 5

what is an STI?

Answer 5

infections spread through sexual contact

Question 6

what does HIV do?

Answer 6

infects and kills white blood cells and leads to AIDS

Question 7

what can stop sexually transmitted diseases?

Answer 7

condoms
screenings
medication
avoiding sex

Question 8

physical barriers to stop pathogens

Answer 8

• skin
• blood clots
• hair
• mucus to trap particles
• cells in trachea
• cilia

Question 9

Chemical barriers

Answer 9

• stomach acid

- eyes produce lysozyme to kill bacteria

Question 10

How does the immune system respond to a pathogen?

Answer 10

• lymphocytes produce antibodies
• antibodies join antigen
• wait for lymphocytes to arrive
• kill of bacteria
• memory lymphocytes remember pathogen so can kill it quicker next time

Question 11

how does immunisation work?

Answer 11

• dead or weakened pathogen inserted ( antigenic )
• antibodies produced
• trigger memory lymphocytes
• fast secondary immune response

Question 12

how do antibiotics work?

Answer 12

they inhibit processes in bacterial cells

Question 13

Preclinical testing

Answer 13

tested on human cells and tissues then on live animals to find beat dosage

Question 14

clinical testing

Answer 14

healthy human volunteers
unhealthy patients
they are blind trials

Question 15

what is the placebo effect?

Answer 15

one is given drug and other is given placebo which no one knows which one is which to see if drug works

Question 16

lifestyle factors that lead to diseases

Answer 16

diet with not enough or too many nutrients
not getting enough exercise
too much alcohol

Question 17

effects of non communicable diseases

Answer 17

costly on national level
may not be able to work 
effect on countries economy 
hold back development of country 
malnutrition of people
global effect

Question 18

how to calculate BMI

Answer 18

mass / height squared

Question 19

waist to hip ratio equation

Answer 19

waist circumference / hip circumference

Question 20

female ratio average

Answer 20

0.85

Question 21

male ratio average

Answer 21

1

Question 22

what is cholesterol?

Answer 22

fatty substance that the body needs to make cell membranes

Question 23

what can too much cholesterol cause?

Answer 23

fatty deposits which restrict blood flow

Question 24

how is a heart attack formed?

Answer 24

blood clots which block flow of blood and deprive heart of oxygen

Question 25

what can you do to help a cardiovascular disease?

Answer 25

healthy balanced diet
exercise regularly
stop smoking
low in saturated fats

Question 26

what medicines help a cardiovascular disease?

Answer 26

statins reduce amount of cholesterol in blood but can have side effects of aching muscles
anticoagulants make blood clots less likely to form
antihypertensives reduce blood pressure to prevent damage to blood vessels

Question 27

coronary bypass surgery

Answer 27

healthy vessel taken from somewhere else is used it the one in heart is blocked

Question 28

what are stents?

Answer 28

inserted inside arteries to keep them open so blood can pass through

Question 29

disadvantage of stents

Answer 29

cause irritation
scar tissues
patient has to take drugs to stop blood clotting on stent