Genetics Flashcards
what is sexual reproduction?
genetic information from two organisms are combined to produce offspring which are genetically different
what type of nucleus does a gamete have?
haploid
what is a zygote?
a fertilised egg
Division one
- duplicates it’s DNA
- chromosomes line up at centre
- pairs are pulled apart so have one copy
- genes are mixed to create genetic variation
Division two
- chromosomes line up again
- chromosomes are pulled apart
what does meiosis produce?
four haploid daughter cells
genetically different
what makes up a nucleotide?
one sugar molecule
one phosphate molecule
one base
what is the structure of DNA?
two strands coiled together to make a double helix
what bonds does DNA have?
weak hydrogen bonds
where are chromosomes found?
in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
what is a gene?
section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein
what does the detergent do?
breaks down cell membrane
what does the salt do?
makes the DNA stick together
what does the ethanol do?
sticks DNA together to form stringy white precipitate
what are alleles?
different versions of the same gene
what does homozygous mean?
the same
what does heterozygous mean?
different
what is genotype?
combination of alleles
what is phenotype?
physical characteristics
what is mono hybrid inheritance?
inherit a single characteristic
what chromosomes does a male have?
X and Y
what chromosomes does a female have?
X and X
which gamete determines the sex of a child?
the male gamete
what causes genetic variation?
organisms having different alleles
