health assessment and physical examination

Question 1

dorsal recumbent

Answer 1

position for abdominal assessment because it promotes relaxation of abdominal muscles,

patients w painful disorders are move comfortable with knees flexed

Question 2

lithotomy

Answer 2

female genitalia and genital tract , position provides max exposures of female genitalia

Question 3

sims

Answer 3

rectum and vagina,

position is for flexion of hip and knee improves exposure of rectal area

Question 4

prone

Answer 4

musculoskeletal system, only for assessing extension of hip joint, skin, and buttocks, pts w resp difficulty do not tolerate well

Question 5

lateral recumbent

Answer 5

heart, position aids in detecting murmers

Question 6

knee chest

Answer 6

rectum, position provides max exposure of rectal area

Question 7

ammonia smell in urine may indicate

Answer 7

uti, renal failure

Question 8

foul smelling stool in infant may indicate

Answer 8

malabsorption syndrome

Question 9

halitosis may indicate

Answer 9

gum disease, poor hygiene

Question 10

sweet, heavy, thick odor on draining wound may indicate

Answer 10

pseudomonas infection

Question 11

fetid, sweet odor at tracheostony or mucus secretions may indicate

Answer 11

infection of bronchial tree

Question 12

hyperopia

Answer 12

farsightedness, clearly see distant objects but not close objects

Question 13

myopia

Answer 13

nearsightedness, clearly see close objects but not far objects

Question 14

presbyopia

Answer 14

impaired near vision in olders, loss of elasticity of lens

Question 15

retinopathy

Answer 15

leading cause of blindness

Question 16

macular degeneration

Answer 16

aging, leading cause of blindness and low vision, no cure

Question 17

ear pain, itching, discharge, vertigo, tinnitus (ringing in ears), or change in hearing

Answer 17

signs and symptoms indicate infection or hearing loss

Question 18

cyanosis causes

Answer 18

heart or lung disease, cold environment

look at nail beds, lips, mouth, skin (severe)

Question 19

pallor causes

Answer 19

anemia or shock
anemia: reduced amount of oxyhemoglobin, look in face, conjunctivae, nail beds, palms of hands

shock: reduced visibility of oxyhemoglobin resulting from decreased blood flow, look at skin, nail beds, conjunctivae, lips

Question 20

diaphoresis is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 20

sedative-hypnotic (including alcohol)

Question 21

spider angiomas is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 21

alcohol, stimulants

Question 22

burns is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 22

alcohol

Question 23

needle marks is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 23

opioids

Question 24

contusion, abrasions, cuts, scars is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 24

alcohol, other sedative hypnotics, IV opioids

Question 25

“homemade tattoos” is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 25

cocaine, IV opioids (prevents detection of injection sites”

Question 26

vasculitis is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 26

cocaine

Question 27

red, dry skin is a common finding associated with which drug?

Answer 27

Phencyclidine

Question 28

macule

Answer 28

flat, non palpable change in color

freckle, petechiae

Question 29

papule

Answer 29

palbable, circumscribed, solid in skin, smaller than 1 cm

elevated nevus

Question 30

nodule

Answer 30

elevated solid mass, deeper and firmer than papule

wart

Question 31

tumor

Answer 31

solid mass extends through subQ tissue,

epithelioma

Question 32

wheal

Answer 32

hive or mosquito bite

Question 33

vesicle

Answer 33

serous fluid, circumscribed

herpes, simplex, chickenpox

Question 34

pustule

Answer 34

pus, similar to vesicle

acne, staph infection

Question 35

basal cell carcinoma

Answer 35

0.5-1 cm crusted lesion flat or raised, scaly boarder

frequently has widely dilated blood vessels within the lesion

Question 36

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 36

occurs more on mucosal surfaces

0.5-1.5 scaly lesion sometimes ulcerated or crusted; appears frequently and grows more rapidly than basal cell

Question 37

melanoma

Answer 37

0.5-1.5 cm brown, flat lesion; on sun exposed or nonexposed skin; variegated pigmintation, irregular boarders, indistinct margins
recent changes are bad sign

Question 38

Beau’s lines

Answer 38

transferse depressions in nails, temporary disturbance of nail growth

systemic illness such as every infection; nail injury

Question 39

koilonychia (spoon nail)

Answer 39

concave curves!

iron deficiency anemia, syphilis, use of strong detergents

Question 40

splinter hemorrhages

Answer 40

red or brown linear streaks in nail bed

minor trauma, subacute bacterial endocarditis, trichinosis

Question 41

paronychia

Answer 41

inflammation of skin at base of nail

local infeciton
trauma

Question 42

rinne test: in conduction deafness patient hears bone conduction ______ than air conduction in affected ear

Answer 42

longer

Question 43

rinne test: in sensorineural loss patient hears air conduction ______ than bone conduction in affected ear, but at less than a 2:1 ratio

Answer 43

longer

Question 44

weber’s test tests:

Answer 44

lateralization

Question 45

bronchial

Answer 45

heard only over trachea

expiration lasts longer than inspiration

high pitched hollow quality

Question 46

bronchiovesicular

Answer 46

posteriorly between scapulae and anteriorly over bronchioles lateral to sternum at first and second ICS

medium intensity

inspiratory phase equal to expiratory phase

Question 47

vesicular

Answer 47

heard over periphery

low pitched

inspiratory phase longer