ch 42

Question 1

osmolality

Answer 1

285-295 mOsm/kg

Question 2

sodium

Answer 2

136-145 mEq/L

Question 3

potassium

Answer 3

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Question 4

chloride

Answer 4

98-106 mEq/L

Question 5

total Co2

Answer 5

22-30 mEq/L

Question 6

Bicarbonate HCO3

Answer 6

arterial 21-28 mEq/L

venous 24-30 mEq/L

Question 7

Total calcium

Answer 7

9.0-10.5 mg/dL

Question 8

loss of 2.2 lb or more in 24 hr for adults indicates

Answer 8

ECV deficit

Question 9

gain of 2.2 lb or more in 24 hr for adults indicates

Answer 9

ECV excess

Question 10

pulse rhythm changes and ECG are irregular found with

Answer 10

potassium, calcium, magnesium, and acid base imbalances

Question 11

increased rate and depth of respirations indicates

Answer 11

metabolic acidosis (a compensatory mechanism), respiratory alkalosis (cause)

Question 12

decreased rate and depth of respirations indicates

Answer 12

metabolic alkalosis (a compensatory mechanism), respiratory acidosis (cause)

Question 13

muscle weakness

Answer 13

hypokalemia, hyperkalemia

Question 14

decreased deep tendon reflexes

Answer 14

hypercalcemia, hypermagnesmia

Question 15

hyperactive reflexes, muscle twitching and cramps, tetany

Answer 15

hypocalcemia, hypomagnesmia

Question 16

numbness, tingling in fingertips, around mouth

Answer 16

hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, respiratory alkalosis

Question 17

muscle cramps, tetany

Answer 17

hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, respiratory alkalosis

Question 18

tremors

Answer 18

hypomagnesemia

Question 19

abdominal distention

Answer 19

hypokalemia, third-spacing

Question 20

decreased bowel sounds

Answer 20

hypokalemia

Question 21

constipation

Answer 21

hypokalemia, hypercalcemia