Health Assessment - 319 Flashcards by Neal Adams

The trapezius and sternomastoid are innervated by which CN?

XI - the accessory nerve

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Largest salivary gland and its location

Parotid gland and it’s located anterior and below the ear

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Face consists of how many bones?

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The thyroid gland is located where?

mid-neck straddling the trachea

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Preauricular node

located anterior of ear

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post-auricular node

posterior ear

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occipital node

base of skull; posterior

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juglodigastric node

below ear; under the angle of the mandible

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submental node

behind the tip of the mandible

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submandibular node

halfway between the angle and the tip of the mandible

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deep cervical node

under sternomastoid muscle

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superficial cervical

overlying the sternomastoid muscle

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posterior cervical node

posterior triangle along the trapezius

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supraclavicular node

behind the clavicle

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Locations of lymph nodes

axillae, head and neck, arms, and inguinal region

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Fontanel (soft spots on the baby’s head)

area where sutures intersect in infants

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Thyroid gland enlarges in pregnant woman as a result of

hyperplasia and increased vacularity

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Tension headaches tend to occupy where?

Occipital; frontal; or with band-like tightness

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migraines (vascular) tend to occupy where?

supraorbital; retro-orbital, or frontotemporal

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Cluster headaches (vascular) tend to occupy where?

pain around the eye, temple, forehead, and cheek

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Pain is always unilateral and always on the same side of the head in what type of headache?

Cluster

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Factors contributing to headaches:

Alcohol, oral contraceptives, bronchdialators, nitrates, CO2 inhalation

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Describe dizziness

light-headed swimming sensation; feeling of falling

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Describe Vertigo

rotational spinning caused by neurologic disease

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Tenderness suggests what?

acute infection

Define dysphasia

difficulty swallowing

Pediatric facial abnormalities from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Narrow palpebral fissures (below eyes), epicanthal folds (upper eyelids), and midfacial hypoplasia Thin upper lip, indistinct philtrum, flat midface, low nasal bridge,

Cocaine use during pregnancy increases the risk for

neurologic , developmental, and emotional problems

Forceps increase the risk for what conditions?

- Bell's palsy - caput succedaneum - cephalhematoma

Normocephalic

describes skull symmetry and average size appropriate to the body

Skull deformities:

- microcephaly - macrocephaly - acromegaly

Temporal mandibular joint is located where

below temporal artery and anterior to the tragus

Bell's palsy indicates damage to what CN?

CN VII - Facial nerve

periorbital location is where

around the eyes

lymphadenopathy

Enlargement of lymph nodes due to infection, allergy, or neoplasm (>1 cm)

Microcephalic headsize

smaller than normal head for age

Frontal bulges (Bossing) occurs from

rickets or prematurity

Cephalhematoma is what?

subperiosteal hemorrhage as a result of birth

Molding is the result of...

overriding cranial bones; usual the occipital and frontal bone

Craniosyntosis

deformity caused by premature closure of of sutures Results in long narrow head

acute increased intracranial pressure

results in true tense or bulging

Tonic head reflex beyond 5 months may indicate what?

Brain damage

Unilateral immobility may indicate

Nerve damage

Hydrocephalus

Obstruction of drainage of cerbrospinal fluid causing excessive accumulation

torticollis

hematoma on one side of the sternomastoid causing a tilt in the head

Columella

Divides the nostrils

Kiesselbach plexus

Internal part of the nose containing rich vascular network and common source of nosebleeds

Which two sinuses are present at birth?

Maxillary and sthmoid

How many teeth should an adult have

Deciduous

temporary

Malocclusion

tooth loss leading to more dental issues

Bifid uvula

Split uvula

Torus plantinus

spiny bony ridge that develops down the center of the hard palate

Rhinorrhea

Occurs during colds, flu, allergies, and nose trauma Discharge

Epitaxis (nosebleeds)

Occurs from trauma, vigorous nose blowing, foreign body

Absence of nasal sniff from patency indicates:

nasal polyups, allergies, infection

Circumoral pallor of the lips occurs

with shock and anemia; cyanosis w/hypoxemia, and chilling

Cherry red lips may indicate

carbon monoxide poisoning

oral kaposia sarcoma is the most common early lesion in people with

AIDS

CN X - Vagus nerve is tested by having the pt do what during an exam?

Saying ahhh

How do you test the Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)?

Have the pt stick out their tongue

If a pt has sweet fruity breath they may be

ketoacidotic

Nasal flaring in infants indicate:

respiratory distress

Chaonal atresia

bony or membranous septum between the nasal cavity and the pharynx

furuncle

small boil located in the mucus membrane

Angular chelitis

Erythema, scaling, shallow and painful fissures occurring in the corners of the mouth

Thoracic cage consists of:

Sternum; 12 thoracic vertebrae; 12 pairs of ribs,

costochondral cartilages

joints were ribs join their cartilage

Which ribs are connected via costal cartilage?

8, 9, 10

Suprasternal notch

U notch above sternum

Sternum

breastbone

The sternum has three parts:

xyphoid process body manubrium

angle of sternum

Angle of Louis

Mediastinum contains

esophagus, trachea, heart, and great vessels

4 major functions of respiratory system

1 - supply oxygen to the body for energy production 2 - removing CO2 and waste products 3 - maintaining homeostasis and ABG 4 - heat exchange

respiration are regulated by

the pons and medulla

hypercapnia

increase of CO2

hypoxemia

decrease in oxygen

enlarged uterus raises the diaphragm by ____ during pregnancy

4 cm

Asthma occurs in 5-12% of the American population and is the most common

chronic childhood disease

Sitting in the tripod position provides

leverage for the rectus abdominus, intercostal, and accessory neck muscles to aid in expiration

Tactile fermitus

vocal palpation of vibration conducted on the back while the patient says "99"

Pain accompanies deep breathing when

the pleurae are inflamed

Decreased fremitus indicates

obstructed bronchus, pleural effusion or thickening, pheumothorax

Increased fremitus indicates

compression of lung tissue

Plueral friction fremitus

inflammation of the pluera

Resonance

low-pitched, hollow, clear sound that predominates healthy lung tissue

Hyperresonance indicates

too much air. e.g. pneumothorax

Consolidation or compression of the lung tissue will ____ the voice sounds, making the words _____ distinct

enhance, more

cerebral hypoxia may be reflected by ____ _____ or by ____ restlessness, and irritability

excessive drowsiness, anxiety

Kyphosis

outward curvature of the thoracic spine

pyrosis

heartburn

Eructation

belching

Purpose of the pericardium

reduce friction

pericardial tampenod

excessive fluid in the pericardial sac restricts the heart from filling - leads to death

base of the heart is located where?

2nd intercostal space right sternal border

location of the apex of the heart

5th intercostal space mid-clavicular line

SA node is considered the _____

pacemaker

When does myocardial perfusion occur?

during diastole when AV is opencoronary astia is blocked

When does the coronary arteries get blood

When the AV is closed

What causes the S3 sound?

ventricles are resistant to filling heard in the rapid filling phase of diastole

What causes the S4 sounds

Occurs in the late filling phase just before systole ventricles are resistant to filling