Health and safety Flashcards
How do you apply the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974?
Health & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974:
1. Provide a safe place of work
2. Prove safe equipment
3. Ensure staff are properly trained
4. Carry out risk assessments
5. Provide proper facilities
6. Appoint a competent person to oversee health and safety
Duty of care, so far as is reasonably practicable
S4 – duty of person in control of premises
How do you apply a duty of care to your self and others? How do you take responsibility for this?
What health and safety requirements are there when managing properties?
Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007
- serious management failures resulting in a gross breach of a duty of care
Occupiers Liability Act 1957
- duty of care to visitors
Occupiers Liability Act 1984
- duty of care to unlawful visitors
Defective Premises Act 1972
s1 people connected to works for new dwelling
s3 duty of care people connected to works of repair, maintenance, construction, demolition
s4 LL who has implied/express obligation to repair/maintain has right to enter
Electricity at Work Regs 1989 (EAWR)
Electrical Safety Standards in the Private Rented Sector (England) Regulations 2020
- 5 year fixed installation inspection
Gas Safety (Installation and Use) Regs 1998
- annual gas safety check
- record to tenants within 28 days
- maintenance
Gas Safety (Management) Regulations 1996 (as amended) (GSMR)
- management of the safe flow of gas
Pipelines Safety Regulations 1996 (PSR)
- pipes for conveying fluids inc gas
- inc maintenance
Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (PSSR)
- pipelines include: compressors; valves; associated pipework; and other apparatus used to cause the gas to flow through the pipeline system
Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regs 1999
- designed to stop the waste, misuse, undue consumption, erroneous measurement and more imp
- cover all plumbing systems, water fittings and equipment (in place or to be delivered) using the public water supply, beginning from the point where water enters the underground service pipe to where it’s used
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (gov “fire safety risk assessment” series)
- Fire Risk Assessment in commercial premises by a competent person, if you are responsible for the premises
- premises need to reach the required standards
- employees are provided with adequate fire safety training
Fire Safety (England) Regs 2022
- came into force 23 January 2023
- requirement for Responsible Person of high-rise resi bdgs (at least 18m tall or 7 storeys) to provide info on bdg to local fire service inc details of construction of walls, floor, bdg plans, known faults with firefighting equipment
- info must be shared electronically
The Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm (England) Regulations 2015
- at least one smoke alarm installed on every storey of property
- a carbon monoxide alarm in any room within those properties containing a solid fuel burning appliance
Building Safety Act 2022
- protections for leaseholders from costs of remediating historical bdg safety defects (can’t charge bdgs over 5 storeys or 11m removal/remediation of cladding)
- measures for those responsible for bdg safety defects to be held to account:
timeframe DPA72 extended up to 15 years from PC rather than 6, retrospective 30 year limitation period;
s38 claim for physical damage caused by breach of bdg regs at time of construction, applies to all bdgs; limitation 15 years;
Building Liability Order potential joint and several liability for associated companies, relating to claims under s38 or DPA (e.g. where developer insolvent/SPV)
- Accountable Person for “higher risk bdgs” 18m or 7 storeys with at least 2 resi units;
responsible for ensuring fire and structural safety properly managed;
defined as person or company with legal ownership of, or repairing rights of, common parts of a bdg (could be more than 1, in which case must be “Principle AP” with overall responsibility);
duty-holders required to maintain “golden thread” of bdg info throughout lifecycle
Control of Asbestos Regs 2006
- management survey – the minimum required for managing a commercial building
- refurbishment survey – required where any intrusive/ refurbishment/demolition works are planned
- HSE guidance identify which materials can be removed by licensed and unlicensed contractors, and by what method
- asbestos management plan
Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regs 1998 (LOLER)
- all equipment used for lifting is fit for purpose, appropriate for the task, suitably marked and, in many cases, subject to statutory periodic ‘thorough examination’
- records must be kept of all thorough examinations
- any defects found must be reported
RIDDOR 2013
report and keep records of work-related accidents
Health & Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
1. Provide a safe place of work
2. Prove safe equipment
3. Ensure staff are properly trained
4. Carry out risk assessments
5. Provide proper facilities
6. Appoint a competent person to oversee health and safety
Duty of care, so far as is reasonably practicable
S4 – duty of person in control of premises
Management of Health & Safety at Work Regs 1999
places duties on employers and employees including those who are clients, designers, principal contractors or other contractors
many duties overlap CDM, go beyond for young ppl and expectant mothers
Workplace (HS & Welfare Regs) 1992
basic health, safety and welfare issues
PPE Regs 2018
Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regs 2002 (COSHH)
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regs 1998 (PUWER)
Manual Handling Operations Regs (MHOR) 1992
DSE 1992
How do you apply “Surveying safely, 2018”?
GN, 2nd ed
- “safe person” concept: every ind takes responsibility for own/others’ H&S while at work
- competence, maintain, recognise when beyond
- clear information
firms:
- training
- supervision
- equipment, PPE
- safe system of work
- information
risk assessment:
- take adequate time to fully consider how any plan of action may deviate from expectations
- identify risks, measure, prioritise, manage
- identify hazards
- decide who might be harmed and how
- evaluate risks and decide on precautions
- record findings and implement
- review assessment and update if needed
- advise all affected of outcome of risk assessment and methods of work/measures needed to minimise or eliminate
hierarchy of risk control:
1. elimination
2. substitution
3. engineering controls
4. admin controls
5. PPE
- risk assessment matrix
- dynamic risk assessment
- risks positive and negative
- business risk
inc financial risk, reputation risk, change man risk, project risk,
operation man risk - different places of work
- occupational health e.g. manual handling, RSIs, stress, vulnerable i.e. pregnant
site visits:
checklist inc
- travelling to and from
- lone working
- condition of property
- occupation
- equipment
during visit
- review risk assessment
- structural stability
- timbers glass sharps
- live and unsecured services
- slips trips hazards
- adverse weather
- animals
secure site/inform leaving
review on completion e.g. near misses
fire safety
- safety and evacuation of occupants
- importance of early detection
- fire safety management with expertise
What building statutory compliance do you put in place prior to letting?
asbestos register
fixed wire test
gas safety check
legionella disinfect
roller shutter service
emergency lighting
fire alarm service
fire extinguisher
lift service
gate service
How do you apply the e-learning on asbestos.
asbestos: ground of fibrous minerals useful insulation material as strong, heat-resistant, unable to conduct electricity
any bdg constructed or renovated before year 2000 may contain asbestos
white, brown and blue
if ACM in good condition and undisturbed, negligible risk
duty to manage asbestos in commercial property/common areas domestic:
- make and maintain a record of asbestos in bdg
- assess the risk
- plan how to manage risk
- review the plan:
assess condition
survey and sample
record
update
work requires risk assessment, controls, by expert,
some work requires licence,
some “notifiable non-licenced work”
if accidentally come across:
- stop work immediately
- warn everyone who may be affected
- exclude ppl not required to deal with
- determine whether need licensed contractor
if not sure if contains, assume does, arrange for sample analysed or proceed as if asbestos
How do you apply the e-learning on legionella.
legionnaire’s disease = potentially fatal lung infection caused by contaminated water droplets carried in air (severe form of pneumonia)
breathable water droplets are the only carrier of the disease
bacteria deed on impurities found in water e.g. rust, sludge, limescale, corroded tanks
legionella bacteria occur naturally in soil, lakes, rivers
to pose a threat, need:
- stagnant or slow-moving water
- temps between 20 and 50 degrees
- impurities within water which bacteria can feed on
everyone involved in creation, management, maintenance of water system responsibility;
majority of outbreaks occur due to poorly-managed schemes of control
- clear lines of comms
- defined agreed responsibilities
- regular risk assessment reviews
- training
- records and logs
- documents of contracts
- regular inspections
- thorough cleaning and de-scaling of equipment
HSE guidance
How do you apply the e-learning on lone working.
risk assessment
inform of whereabouts
What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?
hazard = something with potential to cause harm
risk = likelihood of harm being realised
How do you manage contractors?
management of contractors:
- monitor and coordinate works (permit to work)
- while liability and risk can be managed, statutory or contractual liability cannot be delegated
- obligation to provide hazard info rel to property
contractor procurement:
- ensure competent
- ownership of pro body
- insurance
- references
- tender process
- approved list
- membership of recognised competency schemes
- arrangements for managing sub-contractors
- clearly define H&S responsibilities, obtain RAMS
How do you conduct lone working in line with RICS Surveying Safely?
Measures put in place for inspections:
Before -
During -
After -
What are the main types of PPE equipment? How do you ensure they are compliant?
If you are an employer, you must choose products which are UKCA marked
The most common service life guideline states that hard hat shells need to be replaced after no more than two years of regular use or five years from the date of manufacture—whichever comes first.
What PPE/surveying equipment do you use?
What is the Fire Safety Act 2021?
The Fire Safety Act clarifies the scope of the Fire Safety Order to make clear it applies to the structure, external walls (including cladding and balconies) and individual flat entrance doors between domestic premises and the common parts of a multi-occupied residential building.
If you are a Responsible Person, you must consider these parts when conducting fire risk assessments, if you have not done so already.
Asbestos CPD DeLever
RICS Asbestos: Legal Requirements and Best Practice for Property Professionals and Clients, 4th edition
Sprayed and Loose asbestos:
sprayed -
spray-applied (similar to modern intumescent sprayed/painted materials)
primarily for fire protection
typically sprayed onto structural steel and concrete soffits
areas of high fire risk: plant rooms, underground car parks
thickness varied from a few mm to several cm
a lot of this material has already been removed
but often to a poor standard
highly likely that residue or debris will remain in gaps and crevices in the structure
also used for condensation and acoustic control e.g. commercial kitchens (thermal barrier, cold ext concrete ceiling and warm humid air produced by cooking), acoustic purposes (boiler room slavs or applied to walls and ceiling in cinemas/theatres)
highly friable (can crumble & release into the air)
can cause significant widespread contamination
where applied to structural steels, voids utilised as plenum chambers for mechanical ventilation purposes, the friable nature of the material means extensive contamination of hte property
unlikely that this will have been identified by an asbetos surveyor
HSE: contains up to 85% asbestos, breaks up very easily, one of most dangerous materials containing asbestos, even minor disturbance can release large quantities of fibres into air where can be breathed in
loose -
granulated asbestos
can be found in many locations
not typically used as cavity wall insulant but can be found in cavity walls where it has fallen or migrated from use as loft or floor void insulation
typically loose asbestos insulation found in floor ducts or voids and used to provide insulation
HSE: probably most dangerous ACM, loose fill made up of pure asbestos and if disturbed can release large amounts of fibres into air where can be breathed in
release substantial quantities of asbestos fibres if disturbed, those undertaking inspections of properties likely to be at greatest potential risk, others could also be at risk e.g. arts and antiques surveyors searching for artefacts in lofts
risks can be significant
considerable cost of management, removal and treatment
all work undertaken by licensed asbestos specialists
in past, typically removed by hand, often using wire brushes, resulting in residue being left behind
usually impossible to remove all material unless removal of plant and machinery
unusual in domestic buildings
Asbestos insulation:
e.g. lagging of boilers/water systems e.g. water tanks/pipes in service ducts/pipes may have asbestos on them and wrapped in asbestos which may be painted
Used as a thermal insulation material since late 1800s
- hand-applied lagging
- asbestos-filled blankets
- pre-formed asbestos sections
- sectional materials similar to modern ridged insulation
generally easier to identify than other types (mostly a fibrous material which flakes and powders easily, when applied to pipes often covered in a protective coating or painted)
use mostly ceased in mid-1970s
older buildings and removal could result in other issues e.g. damage to services
required standard of workmanship can vary
locations
- plant rooms
- applied to boilers, vessels, pipework
- service risers
- loft spaces where applied to pipework
several forms
- slabs applied to boilers or cylinders
- hand-applied materials installed on boilers and pipework
- sectional insulation applied to pipework
damage to services - consider removing the pipework with the asbestos still attached
use of a licensed asbestos contractor
risk to surveyors
- can be found in confined spaces e.g. plant rooms
- disturbing can produce levels of airborne fibres
- past poor asbestos removal often left residue on walls and ceilings
- although generally confined to commercial properties, can be found in domestic properties larger dwellings pre-1970s
Asbestos insulating boards:
like plasterboard in look and features but more hard-wearing
in ceiling/wall coverings for e.g. partitioning
can be found in soffits in older buildings
not to be confused with asbestos cement boards which are compressed and have a lower asbestos content (more like plaster)
widespread use of AIB means it can be found in all types of properties built or refurbished after WW2
fire-retardant board for compartmentalisation as well as a general building board for dry-lining purposes, forming ceiling bulkheads and soffits, service ducts etc.
although not as friable as sprayed, still v friable and should only be worked on by a licensed asbestos contractor
can be difficult for untrained to distinguish between AIB and modern alternatives esp once painted or decorated
surveyors should be aware that not all asbestos on site may have been identified
period of use was extensive from 1950s to 1980s
surveyors inspecting commercial properties may disturb ceiling tiles, service riser covers or fire door linings during inspections
those surveying domestic properties may encounter material where used as the backing to loft hatches
if maintained in good condition, AIB should not present health risk but often condition of material is poor
many system-built structures made extensive use of AIB e.g. in education sector
system with steel-framed structure where AIB has been used to clad the structural steels, provide infill panels around windows and offer fire protection to service risers
during construction of these types of properties, insulation board offcuts often found other uses such as packing around doorframes and lintels
commercial buildings e.g. backing to raised/computer floors where board is applied for fire protection, cladding and core for fire doors, general boards for service risers and infill panels, formation of ducting, ceiling tiles, plant and machinery
domestic premises AIB used internally for ceiling lining e.g. lining to boilers and airing cupboards and fire protection for garage ceilings, externally to form soffits
Asbestos cement:
fibrous material in cement e.g. pipework, guttering, corrogated roofing, asbestos cement board
more suited to external applications
not suited as fire-retardant board
used extensively to make corrugated and flat sheets as well as other moulded products such as flower planters, coal stores, low-pressure and high-pressure flues and pipework as well as junction boxes, heat resistant mats and flash guards
generally a well-bonded material
presents a lower risk to health
generally doesn’t require use of a licensed contractor (therefore can be debris)
use of material was widespread
if maintained to good condition, risk to client considered minimal
mainly a mixture of chrysotile (white) and cement
e.g. cement roofs, wall cladding, downpipes and gutters, cement flues, sewer pipes
asbestos cement cladding was extensively used on outside of steel-framed rural property, needs to be disposed of at approved site licensed by EA, in past common to be buried on farms
Asbestos containing material:
textured coatings - commonly domestic e.g. ceilings Artex, may influence purchase decisions, risk negligible but failure to comment on material in survey can result in negligence
bonded materials - e.g. floor coverings, toilet cistern, risk low
woven materials - asbestos fibred can be woven into fabrics such as fabric, paper, yarn, string, variable content up to 95%, typically contains chrysotile, in past materials dyed to give appearance of crocidolite (blue); can be window sash cords, filing cabinets, hot appliances e.g. ovens boilers kilns
contamination can take wide variety of forms and can present significant risk to surveyors e.g. fire damaged asbestos cement roof, other situations less obvious should seek specialist advice
ACMs have been used widely in equipment plant and machinery
classic cars
historic equipment e.g. gas masks
