Health and Husbandry (Terminology)

Question 1

Bacteria

Answer 1

Structure: single-celled, have a cell wall, no nucleus
Replication: binary fission (asexually), replicates genetic material and divides into two
Examples: E-coli, Salmonella, Pneumonia, Bovine TB

Question 2

Virus

Answer 2

Structure: simple non-living organisms, consist of genetic material, surrounded by protective protein
Replication: infiltrate cells and reproduce within them by taking over cell’s normal reproduction process, require a host cell to reproduce
Examples: Foot and Mouth Disease, Rabies, Avian Flu, Newcastle Disease

Question 3

Fungi

Answer 3

Structure: multicellular fungi and single cell fungi
Replication: sexually (two opposite parent cells fuse, creating new genetically different cells), asexually (release of spores, genetically identical to parent cells)
Examples: Cordyceps, Ringworm

Question 4

Protozoa

Answer 4

Structure: single-celled
Replication: sexually, asexually (binary fission)
Examples: Toxoplasmosis, Plasmodium

Question 5

Parasite

Answer 5

Structure: any organism that lives on another (ticks, fleas, mites, worms, lice)
Replication: laying eggs on/inside host
Examples: Sarcoptic Mange, Lymes Disease, Cat Scratch Fever

Question 6

Prophylaxis

Answer 6

Prevention

Question 7

Pathogen

Answer 7

A disease-causing organism

Question 8

Carrier

Answer 8

An animal that carries a disease but does not show any symptoms

Question 9

Fomite

Answer 9

An inanimate object that can transmit disease

Question 10

Vector

Answer 10

A living organism that transmits disease

Question 11

Colostrum

Answer 11

The initial form of milk produced by a mammal after giving birth, rich in antibodies

Question 12

Notifiable disease

Answer 12

There is a legal requirement to report these diseases:
rabies, avian flu, swine flu, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), Tuberculosis, Bluetongue, Foot and mouth disease, Newcastle disease, Equine Infectious Anemia

Question 13

Zoonotic disease

Answer 13

An infectious disease that can be passed from animal to human:
Ringworm, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cat Scratch Fever, Leptospirosis, Lyme Disease, Psittacosis, Cheyletiella, Sarcoptic Mange, Toxoplasmosis

Question 14

Topical medical administration

Answer 14

Treatment applied to the surface of the body

Question 15

Enteral medicine administration

Answer 15

Treatment given internally via the mouth or rectum

Question 16

Parenteral medicine application

Answer 16

Treatment given internally via injections in the skin, veins or muscles

Question 17

Intravenous

Answer 17

Injection into a vein

Question 18

Intramuscular

Answer 18

Injection into a muscle

Question 19

Subcutaneous

Answer 19

Injection under the skin

Question 20

Frequency of drug administration:
SID
BID
TID
QID
PRN
Qxh
Qxd

Answer 20

SID: once a day
BID: twice a day
TID: three times per day
QID: four times per day
PRN: according to need
Qxh: once every x hours
Qxd: once every x days